力值、硬度计量名词术语及定义

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目录
1力基（标/校）准机 ( )
+ J9 n; Y. d3 g' h, x+ P/ x1.1 力 ( Force) ( )
1.2 万有引力 (Universal gravitation) ( )
1.3 重力 (gravity) ( )
3 g6 \) J) `4 Q1.4 弹性力 (elastica) ( )
1.5 重力加速度 (gravity acceleration) ( )
; }4 v. n2 O7 Q1 l$ Z1 @1.6 牛顿 (Newton) ( )
1 c5 w8 k2 h$ p4 ]4 k7 f1.7 力标准机 (force standard machine) ( )
$ R% ]8 ]9 z$ K/ ~; N! h1.8 力基准机 (primary force standard machine) ( )
; W5 L8 e5 I& J7 \1.9 力校准机 (force calibration machine) ( )
* b+ T% D  _$ `/ i1.10 静重式力标准机 (deadweight force standard machine - DWM) ( )
0 X: v- l4 h: J% [2 n1 T6 J1.11 杠杆式力标准机 (lever-amplification force standard machine - LM) ( )
1.12 液压式力标准机 (hydraulic-amplification force standard machine-HM) ( )
8 R+ T- z; ]1 o! t0 @3 S1.13 叠加式力标准机 (build-up force standard machine-BM) ( )
1.14 力比较机 (force comparator-FC) ( )
1.15 扭矩基准机 (primary standard torquer) ( )
0 Y4 ?$ k3 ~+ ?9 n3 i: z1.16 扭矩校准机 (torque calibration machine) ( )
1.17 静重式扭矩标准机 (deadweight torque standard machine - DTM) ( )
1.18 杠杆式扭矩标准机 (lever-amplification torque standard machine - LTM) ( )
1.19 串接式扭矩标准机 (serial-connection torquer -SCT) ( )
1.20 测力式扭矩标准机 (torquer by mean of measuring force-TMF) ( )
2 ]% y- j& r" [8 z. k! J1.21 扭矩校准杠杆（torque-calibration lever） ( )
1.22 摆锤式冲击标准机 (pendulum impact standard machine) ( )
  F, ]) t$ e2 m# M1.23 摆锤式冲击基准机 (pendulum impact primary standard machine) ( )
- S- B/ y- E; A1.24 力值不确定度 (force uncertainty) ( )
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1.25 力值重复性 (force repeatability) ( )
) q2 N6 y# ]9 p% ?* `' L8 l1.26 力值示偏差（force indication deviation） ( )
  s( E9 G  @) K# N0 A+ M0 _6 G1.27 力值范围 (force range) ( )
" N1 ^  ?( {  C/ l; k0 l. d1.28 力级 (force step) ( )
) ]; ?2 K+ U6 a3 s1.29 灵敏阈 (sensitivity threshold) ( )
1.30 寄生分量 (parasitic components) ( )
1.31 旋转效应 (rotation effect) ( )
1.32 重叠效应 (overlapping effect) ( )
1.33 力值直线度 (linearity of force) ( )
1.34 附加滞后 (additional hysteresis) ( )
1.35 递增负荷 (increasing force) ( )
1.36 递减负荷 (decreasing force) ( )
1.37 逆负荷现象 (counter-force phenomenon) ( )
1.38 加荷时间 (period for loading) ( )
1.39 加荷速率 (loading rate) ( )
1.40 卸荷时间 (period for unloading) ( )
1.41 卸荷速率 (unloading rate) ( )
1.42 砝码 (weight) ( )
1.43 机架 (fixed framework) ( )
1 K8 d) R& V7 Y- ?1.44 负荷机架 (loading frame) ( )
1.45 压力试台 (Platform for loading) ( )
& y3 k& H) J+ P# V6 X& d  u! r4 h: N+ v1.46 提升架 (lifting frame) ( )
1.47 加荷横梁 (beam for loading) ( )
" Y3 ^8 ^& T: }' I4 `, V1.48 压缩空间 (room for compression device) ( )
# p7 h- t( p1 Y9 E. i, p+ s7 W7 n. p1.49 拉伸空间 (room for tension device) ( )
4 g8 {2 W7 J+ s8 T9 f1.50 反向器 (reverser) ( )
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7 C' B" u& n! C) q" U  k1.51 杠杆 (lever) ( )
1.52 支点刀 (supporting-knife) ( )
* T( ^  c7 K3 G% D/ `1.53 重点刀 (weight-knife) ( )
9 U, ]% b; V% ^8 o7 A1.54 力点刀 (force-knife) ( )
1.54 杠杆有效长度 (effective length of lever) ( )
1.55 杠杆比 (Lever amplification-ratio) ( )
8 ~4 }7 ]. S. {) ~1.56 直接加荷部分 (directly loading unit) ( )
* X$ t# X6 |9 L- k7 M1.57 负荷放大部分 (main unit) ( )
8 {( E! r; n' [4 S2 I9 ^7 x) G) r1.58 比例活塞 (proportional piston) ( )
- A5 W  K, Q) P6 W- R3 [1.59 比例油缸 (proportional cylinder) ( )
# K! N# b6 [+ k1.60 加荷活塞 (loading piston) ( )
1.61 加荷油缸 (loading cylinder) ( )
) S8 b; U/ n$ Y9 S* c1.62 放大比 (Amplification ratio) ( )
) L, g, y  Z8 j4 }5 F# F1.63 活塞有效面积 (effective cross-area of piston) ( )
1.64 油缸转速 (turn-speed of cylinder) ( )
1.65 油缸旋转线速度 (speed of cylinder) ( )
1.66 导向活塞 (guide-piston ( )
, t" Q7 F" {% ~; b1.67 最大压力 (maximum pressure) ( )
& L+ o# U$ {. p5 C+ }6 L1.68 负荷转换活塞 (piston for load relieving & pressure transmitting) ( )
4 N9 z3 F% \- \, E' y8 }1.69 负荷转换油缸 (cylinder for load relieving & pressure transmitting) ( )
$ _  j( E' }/ ?: a1.70 同轴度 (coaxality) ( )
1 M# k2 Z& p# d* x1.71 几何同轴度 (geometric coaxality) ( )
2 M6 J6 Z9 I# `) g9 g" [1.72 受力同轴度 (coaxality with load) ( )
2 测力仪 ( )
5 S4 R* M- r7 W: W2.1 测力仪 (dynamometer) ( )
" q7 K+ P# p/ Y  e2.2 标准测力仪 (standard dynamometer) ( )
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$ j$ G5 i- \5 G" h7 c  f0 K2.3 弹性体 (elastic element) ( )
2 V. R0 n, C3 N' l) N, t; i4 L6 ]+ q2.4 变形测量装置 (indicator of deflection) ( )
2.5 变形 (deformation) ( )
; S8 I! O3 N' P2.6 额定变形 (deflection under rated load) ( )
2.7 读数值 (reading) ( )
2.8 变形示值 (indication of deflection) ( )
* g/ g6 w4 K6 [! {* b* @2.9 测力环 (proving ring) ( )
& h6 I- O# t. q  g( [) \' W  U9 H2.10 压向测力仪 (compression dynamometer) ( )
2.11 拉向测力仪 (tension dynamometer) ( )
2.12 双向测力仪 (tension & compression dynamometer) ( )
+ w& Y! ^. \5 K3 z8 r2 B. J1 m) ]2.13 负荷 (load) ( )
1 K1 d* y4 T6 C7 V1 {2.14 静负荷 (static load) ( )
$ Q7 M" l( H, \9 W5 M$ c: O2.15 动负荷 (dynamic load) ( )
! d1 e5 R$ \9 b2.16 循环负荷 (cycle load) ( )
4 u7 y1 f# m# S2.17 随机负荷 (random load) ( )
* a8 b+ A/ g8 R$ ?4 _2.18 冲击负荷 (impact load) ( )
3 Q9 C; m! e: D  l2.19 额定负荷 (rated load) ( )
2.20 最小负荷 (minimum load) ( )
4 z- n$ N* _. ]- m+ {: j3 Y2.21 负荷范围 (load range) ( )
( V2 L+ w% W7 G  S2.22 预负荷 (preload) ( )
2.23 检定 (verification) ( )
) G. G9 t2 I/ c, Q& x, ^2.24 定度 (calibration) ( )
2.25 进程定度 (increasing calibration) ( )
2.26 回程定度 (decreasing calibration) ( )
2.27 分度值 (division) ( )
8 ]. |, {: e' T& l% W2.28 重复性 (repeatability) ( )
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2.29 滞后 (hysteresis) ( )
" A9 U& I  `8 I5 ?& o9 e2.30 稳定度 (Long-term stability) ( )
7 U1 A2 E0 X3 c/ J3 ]; h# R2.31 温度修正系数 (coefficient for temperature correction) ( )
2.32 校准方程 (calibration equation) ( )
6 ^; Q4 E* G* U& V( \' `2.33 管形测力仪 (cylindric dynamometer) ( )
2.34 扭矩仪 (torque-meter) ( )
" H0 S9 m  |; b6 F7 b0 q+ q9 E  f5 \2.35 标准扭矩仪 (standard torque-meter) ( )
2.36 扭矩扳子 (Torque wrench) ( )
6 t, h+ k3 s! K, Y1 \2.37 扭矩扳子检定/校准仪(Calibrator of torque wrench) ( )
5 C' F+ ^. e; E+ |: I  r- ^0 J2.38 扭矩改锥 (Torque driver) ( )
$ c0 A5 y% R0 P+ `/ {: {/ D3 H+ w2.39 扭矩改锥检定/校准仪(Calibrator of torque driver) ( )
2.40 测功机（Machine measuring power） ( )
2.41 摆锤式冲击机检定标准装置 (standard equipment for calibration of pendulum
  v. t- z! M8 i  C2 G: ?! j8 Kimpact machine)
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2.42 标准冲击块 (standard impact blocks) ( )
8 F/ v$ x& u' U& K2 `; R; m. K3 负荷传感器 ( )
3.1 环境条件 (ambient conditions) ( )
3.2 环境温度 (ambient temperature) ( )
3.3 使用环境条件 (ambient condition，operating) ( )
3.4 室内条件 (room condition) ( )
% H' \) D: b2 e/ Y3.5 标准试验条件 (standard test condition) ( )
3.6 负荷传感器 (load cell) ( )
3.7 测力传感器 （Force transducer） ( )
& V; V9 ~- ~" t  v+ B, e3.9 扭矩传感器(Torque transducer) ( )
% y, Q* i+ T& g8 O3 b7 G0 P6 N1 f3.10 多分量传感器(Multi-component transducer) ( )
3.11 参考传感器（组）(Reference transducer(s)) ( )
3.12 多分量校准系统（Calibration system for multi-component transducer） ( )
3.13 应变式负荷传感器 (strain gauge load cell) ( )
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3.14 压电式负荷传感器 (piezoelectric load cell) ( )
, g9 U, ^0 j  R$ h: c. S3.15 压磁式负荷传感器 (magneto-elastic load cell) ( )
3.16 电感式负荷传感器 (inductive load cell) ( )
3.17 电容式负荷传感器 (capacitive load cell) ( )
3.18 压阻式负荷传感器 (piezoresistive load cell) ( )
3.19 敏感元件 (sensing element) ( )
3.20 主轴线 (primary axis) ( )
1 w  o# e' w8 _* K& T; h3.21 轴向负荷 (axial load) ( )
- g) `2 |3 d7 a  K% j4 U) i0 W3.22 安全过负荷 (overload, safe) ( )
  u* p2 v; p9 q% S% Y/ j) d  g' l3.23 极限过负荷 (0verload, ultimate) ( )
3.24 侧向负荷 (side load) ( )
( A( S6 L2 M% p4 K. F: d% ^3.25 偏心负荷 (eccentric load) ( )
3.26 同心倾斜负荷 (angular load，concentric) ( )
3.27 偏心倾斜负荷 (angular load，eccentric) ( )
3 |- g5 P# @/ Y) V  S) F3.28 输出 (output) ( )
$ g6 d& k) Z$ C% D0 w! |3.29 额定输出 (rated output) ( )
) [3 G6 y+ k* D: p2 q3.30 零点输出 (zero output) ( )
% m4 i4 g" c* d% ]3.31 过冲 (overshoot) ( )
6 w7 P2 ^" M/ G- N: ^, p3.32 校准 (calibration) ( )
3.33 静态校准 (static calibration) ( )
$ F  S' f2 a  v8 m) A" x3.34 校准曲线 (calibration curve) ( )
7 ?/ y, I! R& M" h, `3.35 工作直线 (operating line) ( )
3.36 端点直线 (end-point line) ( )
3.37 端点平移直线 (end-point line，translation) ( )
9 b. D9 e+ |$ t  E: n+ b' _8 y/ |3.38 最小二乘法直线 (least-squares line) ( )
3.39 灵敏度 (sensitivity) ( )
3.40 灵敏度允差 (tolerance，sensitivity) ( )
3.41 不对称度 (un-symmetry) ( )
3.42 直线度 (linearity) ( )
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; L9 O1 X6 T0 \6 \1 k: k3.43 综合误差 (combined error) ( )
" S% y+ q2 G* h3.44 蠕变 (creep) ( )
3.45 蠕变恢复 (creep recovery) ( )
3.46 输入电阻 (input resistance) ( )
3.47 输出电阻 (output resistance) ( )
3.48 绝缘电阻 (insulation resistance) ( )
3.49 激励 (excitation) ( )
3.50 最大激励 (maximum excitation) ( )
3.51 补偿 (compensation) ( )
1 {0 K! H/ G4 s8 o3.52 安全温度范围 (temperature range, safe) ( )
3.53 额定输出温度影响 (temperature effect on rated output) ( )
- ^: S% M% Y0 {! ~/ E* W3.54 零点输出温度影响 (temperature effect on zero output) ( )
2 T0 u2 [4 S9 |+ W3.55 温度补偿范围 (Temperature range，compensation) ( )
2 R% b' e& `" ^- {0 I3.56 预热时间 (warm-up period) ( )
  a8 k6 c) y2 i. n: U3.57 稳定时间 (stabilization period) ( )
3.58 额定输出环境影响 (span instability) ( )
3.59 漂移 (drift) ( )
4 D4 J' m, l* k8 v3.60 灵敏度漂移 (sensitivity drift) ( )
3 X/ c# H3 S' I, p* l3.61 零点漂移 (zero drift) ( )
, v; ^6 |) Y5 W" A* r0 |; X3.62 零点永久漂移 (Zero drift，permanent) ( )
3.63 零点恢复 (zero return) ( )
3.64 零点环境影响 (zero instability) ( )
; ]8 D7 ^- F' W( h/ z" m3.65 零点移动 (zero float) ( )
" P; x( s! G' Z6 n  [# I5 m- M3.66 使用寿命 (Life，operating) ( )
3.67 循环寿命 (Life，cycling) ( )
3 F# K  W6 e; x. l- t4 h% F1 [) A3.68 固有频率 (natural frequency) ( )
3.69 动态特性 (dynamic characteristics) ( )
: M8 w4 R: {. [( v. e3 ?4 S. n3.70 频率响应 (frequency response) ( )