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[讨论] 在国外搞建筑工程设计,哪些东西与国内不同?

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发表于 2008-3-14 07:56:30 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式 来自: 加拿大

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有朋友想了解国外是怎么搞建筑工程设计的吗?
+ _3 W4 c# ^/ c7 k: Z
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# k' f/ C3 ~. _% w5 \7 D3 a据本人观察,国内的设计院一般专业设置齐全,一个项目不出大门就能搞定。在国外一个专业,最多两个专业就是一个公司,一个项目要n个公司协作才能完成。边规划边协调,边协调边设计,边设计边施工,边施工边修改,边修改边调试,边调试边培训,边培训边验收。混乱但有秩序,低效但保质量。所以就造成了国外的图纸画的很好看,内容好像很多,但就我们关心焦点尺寸,少之又少。等到最后施工,这些东西都快协调800遍了,由施工人员"打哪指哪",哪里还有什么错、漏、碰、缺呀。大家可能注意到了,国外的图纸上有五花八门的声明,其目的就是尽量少负法律责任。要是真有脱不了干系的责任,就把板子打在那个在图纸上盖章的“注册工程师”身上,所以对于设计责任他最上心,不用三级校审也行。3 M- K% \9 m7 b& z5 S
4 K7 M2 ?" W! ]1 J0 b

* S  u! `2 Z% F: n  G! y+ Y) T此贴抛砖引玉,以共享外国,外企网友的经验,为我国的工程建设领域借鉴。
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9 u6 D9 m' i) F- m8 M[ 本帖最后由 bafloow 于 2008-3-14 08:11 编辑 ]

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 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-15 09:06:21 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
贴一张图请大家看看(通风)

M-421 Part Layout.PDF

456.47 KB, 下载次数: 5

发表于 2008-3-16 10:43:42 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国河南安阳
国外也有总包与分包的关系吧。如果自己协调各分包商的关系是比较麻烦。

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 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-16 10:53:18 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大

比图纸还重要的设计文件 - Specification

多年以前,我们设计院接了个境外项目,当时北京的寰球在国际工程领域名气较大,所以我们就到他们那里取经。因为我国的大型化工装置均为进口,寰球的前身就是化工部第一设计院,他们在对外交往中比大多数设计院先行一步。他们告诉我们,设计文件除了图纸外,还有一个重要文件就是设备规格书,我们院给了它起了另外一个名子“工程规定”。化工装置的设备规格书好理解,建筑工程的规格书当时还真不知道是什么。最终费尽九牛二虎之力,闭门造车还是给写出了一个,好在那个项目后来黄了,否则丑就出大了。$ q4 s  Z. @* V& L$ N, X# l

8 ~1 Q& h& Q  i* d. U工程规定是何物?原来它在国外叫Specification,是由专门的组织编写的,然后以政府级高度被采用,内容涉及对工程所有环节的详细要求,远非一个设计院的能力所能及。这个指导性文件,基本上是检验教训和打官司打出的产物,有了这个东西作为工程的指导,即使设计人员自己本身经验不丰富,工程质量也不大会有大问题,参与各方也不会有大纠纷。我国的那种行业的“施工及验收规范”还是比不上这个Specification

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 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-16 11:02:32 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
原帖由 wanyeqing2003 于 2008-3-16 10:43 发表 http://www.3dportal.cn/discuz/images/common/back.gif
( t# s, h0 P% h7 _' b" T+ l. o: D国外也有总包与分包的关系吧。如果自己协调各分包商的关系是比较麻烦。
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国外的分包商多如牛毛,协调是个大问题,文件中出现最多的词就是coordination。上贴所说的Specification就有很多协调方面的要求,设计人员也有这方面的职责。
发表于 2008-3-16 19:38:22 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国河南洛阳
国际上有专门承包合同,规定了承包方的各种职责,权利和义务。
- E1 g7 X/ x7 ^4 i" F我们业主和承包方往往不了解其中的内容,所以比较费劲。
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5 e) a7 m; H* D! o  e9 U具体内容可以参考下面的网页:
5 E9 A1 Q, {5 ^" g6 D+ bhttp://www.tb-lawyer.com/Article_Special.asp?SpecialID=1
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-16 20:32:48 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
FIDIC太庞大了,美国,加拿大的MasterFormat被广泛采用于日常的建筑工程当中,各设计单位还要根据工程的具体情况作补充修改,作为设计文件与图纸一起发布。在施工之前设计人员还要根据specification的要求,审核施工承包商,或设备材料供货商所提供的解决方案是否合理,设备材料是否符合要求的等等,承包商的偷工减料在这个环节中被杜绝。
发表于 2008-3-16 21:01:11 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国河南洛阳
有了FIDIC合同,还需要有这方面知识的人员来执行。' z2 A* @; a1 F7 M4 p4 {; [

6 H' H- A  B% e: r( \8 U6 e1 b9 `工程中除了甲方代表外,还有监理可以协助开展工作。0 c6 k( o) E8 `) {/ d6 ^
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[ 本帖最后由 wanyeqing2003 于 2008-3-18 07:58 编辑 ]
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-18 07:40:50 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
以下是一个实际工程的spec. (建筑设备)内容目录 15000.tableofcontents.pdf (10.72 KB, 下载次数: 2)
发表于 2008-3-18 10:54:37 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国北京
呵呵~~国际项目确实不一样!7 j4 y$ u! ?* I2 ]9 _
经常见到的文件有以下几种:
0 v( f) ~8 v) C3 z  H- f7 Mspecification(说明书),calculation (计算书),MATERIAL REQUISITION,datasheet,Technical Enquiry,MATERIAL TAKE-OFF......
6 @, y) F: \' u/ K  }& ~7 J  X那个specification最难弄,把各方面都必须写得很清楚,每句话最好都要按照标准里要求那样写!其他的文件都好说!/ Y+ |* x: R6 Q( ?, x" X4 @
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下面给大家一个阴极保护方面的specification的目录看看!0 r' |) Q# k; S, H0 ?: I8 c) ~" k

: N9 F; T1 p+ O! |( mINDEX
9 [$ ]( D6 H9 U- X* r2 l) }1.0 SCOPE. : ?2 I% ?% {, U' ~) G6 A
1.1 General. $ ]! }; \/ c9 }$ A1 O; ]+ S
1.2 Definitions.
1 b3 W% d& d% |% ?2.0 CODES, REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS.
. Q# |" @' t- B2 V  e, Y& j2.1Codes, Regulations and Standards. # q+ a; Z) w* c  f
3.0 CLIMATIC CONDITIONS. 6 J$ Y6 X8 S; O6 P, m
4.0 BASIC DATA.. - W6 D( X. q- |0 a
4.1 Design Life.
2 h$ [. |  V% d4 [$ P4.2 Cathodic Protection Potential. ( e5 }; X3 |3 M: G% i, m, g
4.3 Protection Current Density.. + u; c9 V0 D! `$ T. H
4.4 Energy..
+ w9 m; T7 c' L# @% Y$ @9 R4.5 Test Posts. 9 B8 M5 w4 \6 B& ?0 I% A- \+ z
4.6 Insulating Joint.. " t4 N' G' o' R
4.7 Effect of Electric Line. 3 F4 M: y% |8 E2 G; e5 h0 y1 }
4.8 TemporaryCathodic Protection.. + p$ W  D" p: `# h* @
5.0 DESIGN CRITERIA..
: C! P+ q1 a. f9 T" P( e9 q5.1 Mode of Cathodic Protection.. 0 T/ a4 i7 C  S; r$ N
5.2 Transformer Rectifier.. % Y: U- `  f# H
5.3 Anodes.
' \7 B( ~; ]/ c* O% A+ D! H* S7 K$ L) x5.4 Carbonaceous Backfill. ( v6 x- @& i& u  o7 H9 F, y
5.5 Anode Junction Box..
; p+ y& A  A) `5.6 Test Post and Permanent Reference Electrodes. 8 N  }/ D/ m4 U0 ?  J3 ]
5.7 Cables.
# n: z, L8 z: k0 \, y) V3 d5.8 Permanent Reference Cell.
. p6 X9 U( Q4 B( O7 W5.9 Groundbed..
) u! J( J* Z3 g" B/ _5.10 Pipeline GroundingSystem...
' R4 Y! @' l8 g3 {. r+ g5.11 Casing Pipe Cathodic Protection System...
- N# {+ W( f: X3 z5 z6.0 TEST OF CORROSION PROTECTION SYSTEM...   Y* [7 ^, ?9 O. x# D% d) ?1 B4 w3 ^2 N
7.0 INSTALLATION.. 6 N6 p. \7 }6 v# ?4 q  Y
8.0 COMMISSIONING TESTS.
+ |4 t' ]" t6 \6 j9.0 OPERATION & MAINTENANCE. 8 I- }9 m5 u6 z
10.0 SPARE PARTS.
. c$ {1 E& a0 e0 [' u/ [( O" j6 U* `+ }
[ 本帖最后由 zxs1221 于 2008-3-18 10:59 编辑 ]
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-19 07:29:15 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大

Specification -- 内墙的施工,供货,和提交的文件要求-1

[WASTEWATER MASTER SPECIFICATION] FINISH HARDWARD7 R5 [# p3 v+ z: x
[PROJECT TITLE] 08710-14 }  n# D9 Y# I2 |
SECTION 087101 \( ?# n& Z* \/ e" q
FINISH HARDWARE
3 W2 e$ p, `6 I9 l( {& L  J6 c8 r$#
1 t/ q# g! }! m, W6 `NTS: This specification section requires careful review by the specifier. The specifier) @/ a  W" }& i- }9 _% O7 K9 D
is required to modify the section according to the requirements of the project.
( l4 }+ `: O) S! E% yBrackets indicate items to be checked, completed, edited, selected, or filled in.
0 C, ?8 o/ B# y" }1 WNTS notations and brackets should be removed in the final printing.
/ a/ h9 w) n' P8 y  Z) L" p2 L/ `& w2 l#$
& C! M! g7 y% r. S. q) }7 [7 fPART 1 -- GENERAL! D7 q; a4 s2 O& f3 `

( ~$ g3 B9 F1 F* ^( o: y5 M1.1 THE REQUIREMENT
, f$ l5 _) N  M; Y$ `% v9 M5 KA. The Contractor shall furnish all tools, equipment, materials, supplies and manufactured items,
0 D( o1 w. g# Z9 z1 aand shall perform all labor required to furnish and install, complete, finish hardware as indicated
$ f; P: `' d% w6 w6 G1 C5 ron the Drawings and specified herein.
7 N9 _5 E2 x0 x" k* n3 t- F. C; T( R( R( N9 G( w
1.2 RELATED WORK SPECIFIED ELSEWHERE0 }6 p( d" {" ]5 Q4 h7 }( {+ W* r
A. Section [02830] Chain Link Fences and Gates.2 P. l% J; Z, m* n2 p
B. Section [05500] Miscellaneous Metalwork.
5 D: w5 n, p+ B  MC. Section [06100] Rough Carpentry.
  G) m9 `* |" n: LD. Section [06200] Finish Carpentry and Millwork.
) P: |; M3 `% t* `/ s% x9 LE. Section [08360] Overhead Doors.
+ K  j+ O( s( i$ a* @5 GF. Section [08410] Aluminum Entrance and Storefronts.% G0 H# M7 [+ S( O8 ?4 [2 }6 h
G. Section [10160] Metal Toilet Partitions.2 C/ W* j: W+ _$ z3 e0 h+ {
H. Section [10500] Metal Lockers.0 z: B9 k+ V3 G) M4 c2 N2 x

+ q/ z; r! b. V- \4 r% u+ W1.3 REFERENCE SPECIFICATIONS, CODES AND STANDARDS
" `% u: h6 G" ?5 m0 G6 hA. Comply with the reference specifications of the GENERAL REQUIREMENTS.
' X% N" }! P8 f7 ?& W3 }! ~$ sB. Comply with the current provisions of the following Codes and Standards.
9 T% s+ q$ N' z, E0 M6 {/ }& q5 R1. Commercial Standards:
: I8 H) x5 e' j& ZUnderwriter's Laboratories, Inc. requirements and approvals.
8 `/ C2 n8 a3 \* \% ZHardware Institute (DHI) Recommended Procedure for Processing Hardware; N- K" C" _4 B" o
Schedules and Templates and Architectural Hardware7 ]1 L6 f" z; J
Scheduling and Format.! X& b  s: b7 E, B1 @+ k" a" d
BHMA Builders' Hardware Manufacturers' Association$ t; t+ m2 r5 H/ {. ~, \1 h
2. Manufacturers' Standards: In addition to the standards listed above, the finish hardware
7 N+ `$ O* J& O8 G  i% pand its installation shall be in accordance with the manufacturers' published
& `- C, T& ]+ }* R7 H* ^) hrecommendations and specifications.
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1.4 CONTRACTOR SUBMITTALS4 o, \! Y3 h9 b" D
A. Submittals shall be made in accordance with the GENERAL REQUIREMENTS.) M( g/ L1 _4 _4 v" P
B. The following submittals and specific information shall be provided.7 k/ f& {8 u6 G" G: n
1. Samples: The samples of all items requested by the ENGINEER shall be furnished by the
9 R1 o1 g" \* k$ _hardware supplier no later than [10] days after said request is received.9 F) O2 V/ G2 h
2. Manufacturer's information: The CONTRACTOR shall submit a complete detailed
' a. y) \& B8 Q: Phardware list and a schdule along with manufacturer's literature on each item for approval.* D4 b4 A) W) j  K. V5 s
No hardware shall be delivered until the hardware schedule has been approved by the
( `: D! f: d7 `; F9 K8 Z5 }# [# {ENGINEER.1 H/ D" M3 D) i1 X! l! b- M
3. The hardware schedule submitted by the CONTRACTOR shall list the actual product series
! d2 W4 P$ B+ {: e$ [% \+ znumbers. Manufacturer's catalog requirements for actual size of door closers, brackets,
& q  @& G, f7 `and holders shall be observed. All door sizes shall be noted on the hardware schedule and& _! _; \* w5 l  T. H
all hardware shall be in strict accordance with height, width, and thickness requirements.5 V: @* }3 W  M/ c
4. The schedule shall indicate groups, type, manufacturer's name, catalog number, location,$ _! ^3 a; L! k7 c/ A: {
and finish of each item to be provided, all in accordance with the DHI "Architectural
* ?; I1 W% |7 U9 }6 j1 n9 H7 hHardware Scheduling Sequence and Format".
0 c: @+ s' Q4 m; w! n5. The schedule shall also include a complete template list showing template references and
% E8 |( l# l, n' @4 Y0 Tdata for each item requiring preparation of metal doors and frames.
0 y/ y8 q, k+ @, R& \, ]& l6. Hardware for aluminum doors may be included in a separate section of the schedule.6 V2 S5 `6 k- y3 r7 V% U* b8 q
2 f$ |/ O; ?, \. C; D. h
1.5 QUALITY ASSURANCE& V, n. [0 Z- ]+ m2 _1 X0 z; @
A. Manufacturer's product names, numbers, and models are given herein for the purpose of" E+ Q0 @7 m+ A+ Q% N: g
indicating the requirements for the type, general construction, material and operation of the( w6 _5 d, d1 P/ v
specific item, not with the intention of limiting the item to the manufacturer's listed product.
7 u2 m. g+ v" q3 x( Q9 g+ iSubstitution of another manufacturer's product that is fully equivalent in all respects may be$ w% d- ?# \$ l$ ?* G2 D3 w: t
made subject to the approval of the ENGINEER. It shall be the CONTRACTOR's responsibility
8 `% R( }/ n8 D  Eto supply detailed and complete data to the ENGINEER as required to facilitate appropriate
8 B, I( F5 t4 @5 m+ K6 J) P) Kevaluation of all proposed substitute items.; v, T7 _7 F, D. J
1.6 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING5 B3 o& t. a) F2 [
A. Except where otherwise specified all hardware shall be delivered to the jobsite.* M( W2 x; f0 s
B. Each unit of hardware specified herein shall be individually packaged complete with fastenings  r, y- L8 ?- J1 I$ K
and all appurtenances. Each package shall be clearly marked on the outside to indicate its
1 y4 t( y, V: e' Dcontents and its specific location in the work, and shall be identified by its related number from
2 Y! \6 [4 n. K5 Xthe reviewed hardware list.
  A, f6 ~7 S- U2 ^  mC. Contractor shall store hardware in a safe place at the jobsite where directed by the ENGINEER2 \# u/ s# ^. V: i- c9 B
to prevent loss or damage until installation.
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[ 本帖最后由 bafloow 于 2008-3-19 07:30 编辑 ]
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-19 07:34:28 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
PART 2 -- PRODUCTS/ T# f6 ?" z/ c* x" H6 |1 z. {
/ H, V2 K2 G+ o
2.1 GENERAL
5 l6 Z/ G7 L. K: UA. Manufacturer's product names, numbers and models given herein are for the purpose of5 n' n  @' \9 o8 V9 \6 X2 H+ U2 }
indicating the basic requirements for type, construction, material, operation, durability and% g  ^5 K6 A  Z% G' T) Q
functional adequacy of the specific item. Substitution of another manufacturer's product that is
% p7 A' p+ r# efully equivalent in all respects will be made subject to the approval of the ENGINEER.
) v( \4 ~* k$ k& v: g- ]# UB. Provide end products of one manufacturer for each item in order to achieve standardization for
2 v& o- w# F) f  Q0 Z( o3 Yappearance, maintenance, and replacement.! _7 D( @' q4 N# y
C. When deemed necessary for product evaluation prior to review, the ENGINEER may require* Q- u& ^2 M! r$ M. G
submittal of full size standard production units for inspection and check. Such samples will be3 ]0 q6 \5 M5 w' t. t. ?% n
returned to the Contractor and may be installed on the project if identified for location in9 y+ z' d+ N  x- M3 g8 O
conformance with specified requirements.( q9 P- |/ P, G* a2 V/ W0 f
D. Contractor shall check kinds and quantities of hardware products to determine conditions,1 N" B) v4 e' Z6 p* N+ }! d4 L; E
completeness, and conformance to the Specifications.
; [) y1 t: S! m3 o$ S- X  F0 e" _7 K  r% r7 ]
2.2 PRODUCT TYPES! W, h( i5 `. K+ _. D5 j
A. Locks and Latches: All locks shall be security type with 6-pin cylinders having stainless steel$ R$ s* Z: i# U% Y# L
mechanism for all exterior hollow metal doors.
8 U$ n1 r! Z# l8 _$ M6 CB. Lock Uniformity: Except as otherwise specified, Contractor shall furnish locksets, cylinders, and: }3 v/ m& n- a9 S/ M  d0 U" i
component parts as hereinbefore specified, by one manufacturer.$ C3 R) f% D4 ]9 L
C. Lock Strikes: Shall be boxed type with curved tip of sufficient length to protect trim and/or jamb.
; L9 G) i# o" H  c) S# ELock strikes shall be delivered to the jobsite with the locksets.) n% q# S9 _: F( E
D. Fasteners: Bolts, screws, fittings, and other fasteners, including soffit plates for door closers,. d1 I4 _1 i  k) Y" C9 D6 b  {
shall be provided for proper and secure attachment with specified hardware.
5 u0 r6 T* _( }. L" G% k3 UE. Door Closers shall be full rack and pinion type with adjustable means of regulating closing speed,
" [+ M0 k8 d8 C; Olatching speed, back check, and with reduced spring power and shall be regular parallel arm type/ v( D/ @' t$ m* b4 W6 Z- W1 x
with 90 degrees to 180 degrees hold open provisions.
6 r6 ~6 M$ \: R7 y; w6 F8 Q, w" \/ pF. Door Swings: Door swings indicated on the Contract drawings are standard door swings. If a
' k& _% y% J% S, s4 h: m' ddoor hand is changed during Construction the Contractor shall make necessary changes in
0 C9 Z- t$ N& K$ ]hardware at no additional expense to the CITY, subject to the approval of the ENGINEER." }$ h; B/ H4 v" i( Q1 |, S
G. Silencers shall be provided for all metal door frames; three for single doors, two for pairs of% n+ d6 Q& n; C' |# @
doors.
* S5 f* O4 S: D/ U2 [. `$ a9 ^H. Door Butts shall be of proper width to clear trim and other features when door swings to6 b9 T( l; p' a) j2 @
180 degrees and shall have oil-impregnated ball bearings.
/ N9 e; m! I5 y5 v" V, T1. Door 1-3/4-inch thick up to 7-feet 0-inch to have 1-1/2 pair of 4-1/2-inch X 4-1/2-inch butts.
+ l% R4 j) Y, f2. Exterior doors to have butts with oil-impregnated bearings.
4 \" E# c' ~" \( b3. Provide template hinges for use on metal door frames.
$ H; Q! W6 b% ~6 _$ a0 i8 b/ d" CI. Temporary Lock Cylinder: Contractor shall provide temporary lock cylinders with temporary
: l9 Q9 h5 ?: O0 C: uconstruction keys for door locks during the construction period.# r! d6 T* n# W; S7 V- o
J. Kickplates: 16-gauge stainless steel with edges beveled four (4)sides. Kickplates to be 10-
, R: N( F  V4 p6 J7 ~  [" T3 ~inches high x door width less 1-inch." V9 U5 S- X6 R- ]2 ~% ?! A' \
K. Lock Astragal: Provide astragal for exterior in swinging 1-3/4-inch metal doors, of 9-3/8-inch x 1-+ b9 x& G4 X5 F" l3 j" x5 D
1/2-inch size with US 10 finish designed to prevent tampering of lock bolts from the exterior.
! Q$ ^: v4 i( p, D' wL. Flush Extension Bolt: Two point concealed automatic type for exit operation only with control
( E' [3 a& Z# {/ d+ m0 D; Y% Rknob located on the inside, provided with top and bottom strikes, Underwriters Laboratories (UL)
2 \1 e  M- }/ Z6 w0 g1 \Listed, bronze components with 626 finish and designed for use on 1-3/4-inch thick hollow metal" v! Q$ |1 x. z, s- |8 k8 A1 n
doors.' g+ R! L2 r( s- R: k

, u6 L; N. O% N+ t% X- V2.3 FINISHES
3 Q) V: f( [7 |6 q. qA. All finishes hereinafter specified are "BHMA" numbers as specified by the "Building Hardware( w, }% Z" ?6 l5 ?2 D
Manufacturer's Association".' X3 i& i0 y6 p, ]" d( V) K0 z" @
1. 600 - Prime Coat
# {1 _! p, H9 u3 t, g& B2. 626 - Dull Chromium
  A% C+ ^4 F  z- w/ v$ K3. 629 - Bright Stainless Steel
3 C; @# v6 @9 d# W9 l" Y" C" u% h4. 630 - Satin Stainless Steel
5 y% A# V9 g% g$ d1 }. eB. All items not specified herein shall have BHMA 630 finish.
( v" ?4 \3 a9 p1 x! dC. Locksets and Deadlocks shall have BHMA 630 finish.- H5 X* U/ D9 p
D. All hinges to have BHMA 630 finish
8 R3 `" A# V  l$ QE. Kickplates, Push and Pulls to have BHMA 630 finish., w1 U3 T- N, [* a) L3 W1 \, a
F. Closer cover plates to have dull bronze lacquer finish.
- t3 ^( p# V! t8 V% E. n5 wG. Miscellaneous Finishes shall be as specified.
- T6 \) e+ a/ R  x6 k* ]- Y
: H4 r* T7 q& Q/ L( U% J2.4 KEYING' w% r6 P. A2 F( M
A. To ensure full coordination with CITY's keying needs and requirements, all keying will be, h  y  P3 q8 h$ D
determined after a conference with the ENGINEER, and such keying shall be designated in the, }- s$ g, A7 E8 m% i: ~" S+ N+ H
CONTRACTOR's hardware schedule by appropriate set of numbers opposite the respective$ c0 K% u1 g! R* P2 g; T- A9 o
doors. Keys shall be positively identified for their respective locks and shall be delivered into the, b/ @8 P! v7 A1 M9 |, w0 V2 m$ y2 @% G
hands of the ENGINEER upon completion of the work.
: `2 W% E7 {( r8 T' k6 J/ s; z: C" E1. All locks and cylinders shall be labeled consecutively with the door number to correspond0 u% @! Q4 M: s) r+ I; |
with change keys. All shipping tags shall be of approximate 2-inch X 3-inch size.( E" |- }" n3 o# d9 i$ d1 @
B. Keys:! t7 s- r$ D  L7 k( Q+ z7 u
1. All keys shall be nickel-silver large bow, plain both sides, (6 pin) stamped on one side9 m  N3 O/ o: i- e( Q9 M
"CITY OF LOS ANGELES -DO NOT DUPLICATE".
* U0 d* @$ K! Q2. CONTRACTOR shall furnish two (2) keys for keyed alike locks; two (2) keys for each keyed( a& L1 f4 h- q
different locks, and six (6) grandmaster keys.3 [" I7 q( `# H1 M( W& @7 M
3. Lock manufacturer shall ship all keys including grandmaster, master, and change keys, via
, b+ U% n/ ?3 _% @8 qRegistered Mail directly to the ENGINEER. The keys shall be individually tagged and
  r" ?1 D0 V/ Z( Pidentified by door locations.+ u* i6 o# F. S0 m7 L/ \
4. At the time of change-over from construction lock cylinders to permanent lock cylinders,8 k8 B+ O* m+ E" d( u5 l' ~# L
the INSPECTOR will check the permanent key operation with the in-place permanent lock1 E; `0 L) l5 t, D( n
cylinders to assure proper operation of locks and keys.
( W1 z# S$ @- d  ]' k) s5 `$ @$ I  p  G
2.5 HARDWARE SCHEDULE
) ^2 a% r3 T( v2 Y! j/ qA. The following hardware schedule is intended to represent the hardware required. Provide the
1 u: m, C0 U& k, T$ M; ^5 E8 c" Bfollowing hardware or their equal:; \% H, q7 [: G- }
$#
% n% Y- }; ^# ?5 N3 DNTS: List quantity, description, manufacturer's detail and finish for hardware3 d) m7 K7 k# ]- H0 G* n. E
applicable to this project.
! c# A7 ^2 k* Q" ?5 C8 x#$
" X  X  J0 ~0 Q: h7 b
; H) x& e" {. [3 h2.6 TEMPLATES4 e, M6 H/ O  z, @8 k
A. All hardware for metal doors and metal frames shall be fabricated to template. Templates, or: j/ P( {' c, ?7 m  ]
physical hardware items, shall be furnished sufficiently in advance to avoid any work delay.2 I( Z  j- n/ F, P% _' }

6 Z+ C9 C, l6 |# lPART 3 -- EXECUTION! a5 @6 Y' W4 ]/ k# B% a: r. S+ u

4 H! j5 l: [+ l' a1 s0 H3.1 GENERAL
. |; S2 N% e  Y1 O& \9 V. q, jA. During the construction period, the CONTRACTOR shall employ temporary construction lock
  Z. \0 |& ^9 Z, ?& ~4 ?cylinders with temporary construction keys on door locks in the project.9 x5 b( Z, O" v* n4 [
B. Prior to completion of construction, and after final installation of hardware, the CONTRACTOR5 X; E1 g% Z5 n0 J" }% b  X1 ~
shall demonstrate to the ENGINEER that all items of operable hardware function properly, that5 G2 [& I3 [, Q3 n3 L6 ]( B
doors swing smoothly, and that keys lock and unlock their respective doors.
! f) m, @- G7 E* VC. At the time of completion of the facility, on direction of the ENGINEER, the CONTRACTOR shall
! M8 z% `# m( Y; W- C0 Areplace the construction lock cylinders with the permanent lock cylinders.
. z" i# E  V- Q6 w! FD. The CONTRACTOR, upon completion of the work herein, shall remove all oil, grease, or other2 i7 U* k  E! ?( d
soiling from exposed surfaces of finish hardware and shall remove all cartons, wrappings, and
$ ~" t! ^! d3 c1 c. y2 e* v& Zother debris resulting from the work herein, and shall leave the facility in a neat, clean, and' A2 z: A4 j  E/ y  n5 V) M. f! f
acceptable condition subject to approval by the ENGINEER.
( c# z8 E) v% P( ?+ a
2 {2 S; V' W; Z& E# J3.2 INSTALLATION
  o8 X$ b9 h3 M& {' O6 ~$ V' EA. All hardware shall be installed accurately and in accordance with manufacturer's instructions.
  b  [2 }6 D& ?B. Hardware shall be securely tightened to develop full strength of components and provide for" C% p0 D1 n; d. q! N. }
proper operation.3 \% V: L" d# q
C. Make work neat and secure.0 p5 J! t( r2 j+ f3 A. A( B
D. Prevent marring, scratching, or otherwise damaging adjacent finishes during hardware: i" U# d0 S; C' \( N1 U
installation." ~6 q# Q+ k* h/ `0 D
E. Latchbolts:
+ ?  A/ l/ ^0 J+ W5 h1. Install to engage in strikes automatically, whether activated by closers or manually.* g, P9 w% O" [. P
2. Additional manual pressure shall not be required to engage latchbolt in strike.
4 X$ E: N" M* r. H3 b- m8 h5 w# gF. Stops and Holders: Set to allow doors to open as far as possible.& D! W0 ~5 d8 N3 j
G. Wall Mounted Hardware: Install over solid structural backing or solid blocking in hollow walls.
9 j7 }# [% ~2 PH. Thresholds:+ n2 d& i. [$ V# h) F
1. Cope ends neatly to profile of jamb.. E/ w' h8 G3 d8 R
2. Set in sealant and seal ends to jambs.9 Y/ t& }) ?4 l
I. Hardware: Adjust for easy, noise-free operation.* [$ L' N# k/ Q4 F
J. Replace damaged hardware items.
! ]* E% j( G) K$ a9 `: p( r  t8 Q; H9 [2 h; f
3.3 PROTECTION
9 X% C1 _) N# B3 j6 QA. Cover and protect exposed surfaces of hardware during installation and until substantial# P2 V. P  h; P2 P
completion./ ^' k4 f6 P# S) ?" D# [
B. Fit, dismantle, and reinstall finish hardware as required for finish painting work.
; B+ w6 J( a$ E8 ]1 V6 U5 dC. Protect and prevent staining of hardware during construction in accordance with manufacturer's/ i2 ?8 K- z9 f2 @
recommendations.
  C) \; x- A$ l. zD. Remove protective measures on permanent lock cylinders installed prior to final cleaning.
1 g, h9 a* i# q4 g! k0 K3 B* * * * * *
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-19 07:47:09 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
其实这都是常识,没有什么难的,确实可以减少好多漏洞,减少业主的风险,但是现行的体制下,工程师这么做了不但不能多挣钱,还赔进去好多时间,所以政府的监管职能应该强制执行,并且提高设计取费。做事情不能只讲少花钱。
发表于 2008-4-3 10:59:05 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国广东广州
国外设计充分尊重业主的要求。设计人员一般一直呆在工地现场进行协调服务和设计调整,所以前期的工作是框架性的,后期的工作比较多
发表于 2009-5-9 13:19:01 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国广东广州
又长见识了
发表于 2009-5-9 17:43:48 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国重庆
看来这国外还挺复杂了。
发表于 2009-5-16 20:13:58 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 越南
我在越南搞了一个大型生产线方面的项目,属于交钥匙项目,狗日的越南人搞的图纸花里胡哨的,实际用处太少,n多的工程制图人员,天天就知道开会,一个也不去现场看看,工程进度奇慢,图纸上的问题多多,建议以后有类似的项目最好我们提供全套的图纸,并且要收高价的规划设计费
发表于 2014-6-20 18:44:11 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国浙江宁波
犀利~学习了,但是比如美国这样的,人家搞软件多,土木最赚钱的就被拿走了
发表于 2022-6-17 09:12:52 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国福建宁德
大体上是一样的吧,都是建筑技术方面的,* c. p/ ]. W( n
主要不同在于各国的文化、经济、风俗、政治等等
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