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[讨论] 在国外搞建筑工程设计,哪些东西与国内不同?

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发表于 2008-3-14 07:56:30 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式 来自: 加拿大

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有朋友想了解国外是怎么搞建筑工程设计的吗?8 F6 n. ?- b3 z
* N0 V3 R# `/ k/ @( x( X! |
1 n4 R4 V8 q2 [4 m* `! S
据本人观察,国内的设计院一般专业设置齐全,一个项目不出大门就能搞定。在国外一个专业,最多两个专业就是一个公司,一个项目要n个公司协作才能完成。边规划边协调,边协调边设计,边设计边施工,边施工边修改,边修改边调试,边调试边培训,边培训边验收。混乱但有秩序,低效但保质量。所以就造成了国外的图纸画的很好看,内容好像很多,但就我们关心焦点尺寸,少之又少。等到最后施工,这些东西都快协调800遍了,由施工人员"打哪指哪",哪里还有什么错、漏、碰、缺呀。大家可能注意到了,国外的图纸上有五花八门的声明,其目的就是尽量少负法律责任。要是真有脱不了干系的责任,就把板子打在那个在图纸上盖章的“注册工程师”身上,所以对于设计责任他最上心,不用三级校审也行。" o6 u+ _* H" w

. r4 G+ r4 X& z% A: _

1 s% J; Z0 P; J- d2 U此贴抛砖引玉,以共享外国,外企网友的经验,为我国的工程建设领域借鉴。
6 P2 p+ c0 l. r7 n, ~. f7 `0 {1 O+ O( b, y5 C& z; v
[ 本帖最后由 bafloow 于 2008-3-14 08:11 编辑 ]

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 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-15 09:06:21 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
贴一张图请大家看看(通风)

M-421 Part Layout.PDF

456.47 KB, 下载次数: 5

发表于 2008-3-16 10:43:42 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国河南安阳
国外也有总包与分包的关系吧。如果自己协调各分包商的关系是比较麻烦。

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 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-16 10:53:18 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大

比图纸还重要的设计文件 - Specification

多年以前,我们设计院接了个境外项目,当时北京的寰球在国际工程领域名气较大,所以我们就到他们那里取经。因为我国的大型化工装置均为进口,寰球的前身就是化工部第一设计院,他们在对外交往中比大多数设计院先行一步。他们告诉我们,设计文件除了图纸外,还有一个重要文件就是设备规格书,我们院给了它起了另外一个名子“工程规定”。化工装置的设备规格书好理解,建筑工程的规格书当时还真不知道是什么。最终费尽九牛二虎之力,闭门造车还是给写出了一个,好在那个项目后来黄了,否则丑就出大了。3 v6 k- y, U$ H" m7 q' Q5 c' i7 F

# b. |4 U2 V& u, r工程规定是何物?原来它在国外叫Specification,是由专门的组织编写的,然后以政府级高度被采用,内容涉及对工程所有环节的详细要求,远非一个设计院的能力所能及。这个指导性文件,基本上是检验教训和打官司打出的产物,有了这个东西作为工程的指导,即使设计人员自己本身经验不丰富,工程质量也不大会有大问题,参与各方也不会有大纠纷。我国的那种行业的“施工及验收规范”还是比不上这个Specification

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 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-16 11:02:32 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
原帖由 wanyeqing2003 于 2008-3-16 10:43 发表 http://www.3dportal.cn/discuz/images/common/back.gif" W+ D/ G% \% }9 ^- d5 f" v
国外也有总包与分包的关系吧。如果自己协调各分包商的关系是比较麻烦。
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国外的分包商多如牛毛,协调是个大问题,文件中出现最多的词就是coordination。上贴所说的Specification就有很多协调方面的要求,设计人员也有这方面的职责。
发表于 2008-3-16 19:38:22 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国河南洛阳
国际上有专门承包合同,规定了承包方的各种职责,权利和义务。) _/ K2 Z, ]% W  N4 J$ F4 c1 [: O
我们业主和承包方往往不了解其中的内容,所以比较费劲。# w. D- n- T4 Z# s6 ^* I

3 C5 g5 {6 k% N9 A$ h具体内容可以参考下面的网页:
/ i/ P3 S2 L: r. ^http://www.tb-lawyer.com/Article_Special.asp?SpecialID=1
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-16 20:32:48 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
FIDIC太庞大了,美国,加拿大的MasterFormat被广泛采用于日常的建筑工程当中,各设计单位还要根据工程的具体情况作补充修改,作为设计文件与图纸一起发布。在施工之前设计人员还要根据specification的要求,审核施工承包商,或设备材料供货商所提供的解决方案是否合理,设备材料是否符合要求的等等,承包商的偷工减料在这个环节中被杜绝。
发表于 2008-3-16 21:01:11 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国河南洛阳
有了FIDIC合同,还需要有这方面知识的人员来执行。% a) K+ ?* E4 H3 h4 h9 G+ A( Z

4 s* W8 d- |6 S+ b' G工程中除了甲方代表外,还有监理可以协助开展工作。
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* z; B% ]; g2 F4 q1 {[ 本帖最后由 wanyeqing2003 于 2008-3-18 07:58 编辑 ]
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-18 07:40:50 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
以下是一个实际工程的spec. (建筑设备)内容目录 15000.tableofcontents.pdf (10.72 KB, 下载次数: 2)
发表于 2008-3-18 10:54:37 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国北京
呵呵~~国际项目确实不一样!
* u; ?1 @% K. ?! b7 ?/ d2 R8 l! `经常见到的文件有以下几种:
! M6 h: N) Z$ s" m* V' qspecification(说明书),calculation (计算书),MATERIAL REQUISITION,datasheet,Technical Enquiry,MATERIAL TAKE-OFF......
3 ^1 |5 g) z* x% S- j那个specification最难弄,把各方面都必须写得很清楚,每句话最好都要按照标准里要求那样写!其他的文件都好说!
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8 Z7 I) x: ?- E6 g/ X5 {; t下面给大家一个阴极保护方面的specification的目录看看!) v0 A6 d5 w0 n4 n. J0 e

& S" z3 x" O, r% {- @1 N" l! A+ qINDEX/ u: `) u2 _" D) w. ^
1.0 SCOPE.
* b9 @$ q) y0 K' u1.1 General. % [. ]& A+ S/ N# G8 t0 s
1.2 Definitions. 4 b+ f: G5 L& I' e, V
2.0 CODES, REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS.
+ F7 _: x3 N! n) `- R5 X3 Y1 B5 y' @2.1Codes, Regulations and Standards.
( ^* v9 n2 Y6 n5 w3.0 CLIMATIC CONDITIONS. . |& J8 M6 X2 c) D4 r7 d4 U  w% |
4.0 BASIC DATA..
4 p! ^* |+ f& s+ F& W4.1 Design Life. % c) J: L( W9 _+ d2 m3 k& D
4.2 Cathodic Protection Potential.
2 a1 _; y3 H! o0 k/ N4.3 Protection Current Density..
, _* {) Q% k; s( p# q4.4 Energy.. 7 R* n+ I8 q% J6 c( z; {
4.5 Test Posts. & m" e$ l% w9 I; A
4.6 Insulating Joint..
- x( N: v# y0 |4.7 Effect of Electric Line. ) c4 A( Y+ p9 z- f" D  @3 E* R
4.8 TemporaryCathodic Protection.. : {; n* E. O; j+ l0 j- Q# ]! m
5.0 DESIGN CRITERIA..
% ]: k2 s0 {5 e& }3 a( b5.1 Mode of Cathodic Protection..
- x5 m6 a8 N% V' q' B5 i9 ^5.2 Transformer Rectifier..
, x5 W; I1 @( f6 f5.3 Anodes.
/ a8 g+ \2 z$ R) Z" c* B0 K, S5.4 Carbonaceous Backfill. $ {! L1 H. j& j2 A1 X/ M0 a
5.5 Anode Junction Box..
3 x3 Z3 K7 [1 V) `6 e5 P. A3 J* Q+ _5.6 Test Post and Permanent Reference Electrodes.
9 Z: y2 I! Z; D3 G% q" E+ P' `$ N& O5.7 Cables.
; [, z: H% B8 K6 G. J5.8 Permanent Reference Cell.
0 N+ H& ?$ Y& O% o# h4 M5.9 Groundbed..
2 m1 J9 D  m' u4 o7 B1 Z5.10 Pipeline GroundingSystem...
% j" X8 R' s& j6 j9 R" b5.11 Casing Pipe Cathodic Protection System...
! e% J; [1 q8 [, B2 X4 e6.0 TEST OF CORROSION PROTECTION SYSTEM...
( b# ~: s3 d: C- s9 V7.0 INSTALLATION..
. J  t! ]! I" c8.0 COMMISSIONING TESTS.
: ?3 S. Y/ Y: j3 z6 K6 n9.0 OPERATION & MAINTENANCE. 2 R. ~/ ?# n" U" N6 @1 H
10.0 SPARE PARTS. " |. R6 |, Q7 g6 [$ m5 \$ O  i

, Q% a0 X! v$ n; W[ 本帖最后由 zxs1221 于 2008-3-18 10:59 编辑 ]
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-19 07:29:15 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大

Specification -- 内墙的施工,供货,和提交的文件要求-1

[WASTEWATER MASTER SPECIFICATION] FINISH HARDWARD
/ E4 H1 ]; N  |  P+ a- w" |. L[PROJECT TITLE] 08710-1
( k* _$ L1 O" _% JSECTION 08710: X+ O" M- \, b
FINISH HARDWARE7 g+ R4 J0 A& V% h
$#
( @7 u' t. W, n  DNTS: This specification section requires careful review by the specifier. The specifier' m- ~: `: g, G$ N
is required to modify the section according to the requirements of the project.) D$ N& e  ^4 P6 o( ~. ^) D& L& S
Brackets indicate items to be checked, completed, edited, selected, or filled in.( @% C; T* G7 K, ?# f6 D, B
NTS notations and brackets should be removed in the final printing.
: m( P* d; i( K/ B#$
( {& k  D5 q7 O/ ^7 r( [; BPART 1 -- GENERAL
/ }) I+ c. l3 H  U6 F* R; k, [: g: X1 P0 ~, V- Q
1.1 THE REQUIREMENT
. W% ^- x  e* p$ r+ MA. The Contractor shall furnish all tools, equipment, materials, supplies and manufactured items,
8 @8 K" i8 \1 G+ b' B$ h' tand shall perform all labor required to furnish and install, complete, finish hardware as indicated
* l3 f& v/ Q; f. ]6 l2 C7 Ron the Drawings and specified herein.
8 `- J7 U9 @4 \/ A7 C' l& J( s7 }% N
5 V0 C% }2 u- e1 u- B- a1.2 RELATED WORK SPECIFIED ELSEWHERE
" v0 e# O# Q, e! B* o# mA. Section [02830] Chain Link Fences and Gates.
" |. }6 o- ], ^/ `- c. f0 j* b4 U" |B. Section [05500] Miscellaneous Metalwork.
/ N: H. Z. Q6 F( w) H9 oC. Section [06100] Rough Carpentry.: ^; j  t$ u  \8 _) O  a* v; N
D. Section [06200] Finish Carpentry and Millwork.( g. o/ I- ~9 a- y- ~
E. Section [08360] Overhead Doors.  q$ n' T2 E" T7 o
F. Section [08410] Aluminum Entrance and Storefronts.! R  h: Z8 b' V
G. Section [10160] Metal Toilet Partitions.
' C1 C6 Q; A6 [$ B$ `H. Section [10500] Metal Lockers.- b6 w( N6 x6 E; @
3 ]) W1 I) a3 m8 i
1.3 REFERENCE SPECIFICATIONS, CODES AND STANDARDS, @: e5 s: B' I! G
A. Comply with the reference specifications of the GENERAL REQUIREMENTS." }. w1 `6 l+ c% ^
B. Comply with the current provisions of the following Codes and Standards.9 L+ K: [9 \( s* p7 _! c
1. Commercial Standards:. V  ~6 @* ~  I( q
Underwriter's Laboratories, Inc. requirements and approvals.
( F+ V5 a! M* D0 mHardware Institute (DHI) Recommended Procedure for Processing Hardware
, k8 X' B- C" s7 ^! x0 H: Z9 YSchedules and Templates and Architectural Hardware
6 M2 h/ M# d  ~6 k4 y1 LScheduling and Format.
7 Q) ^" ~- D. l. z. f9 }5 ^& XBHMA Builders' Hardware Manufacturers' Association
8 s: R4 F. Z; R2. Manufacturers' Standards: In addition to the standards listed above, the finish hardware
" {2 ]  o; l" J/ y) t! |and its installation shall be in accordance with the manufacturers' published
  I; o) O" e: I  k: \recommendations and specifications.8 |" J6 v, X5 O" f! T

" t  n+ ?2 `9 h5 {: K1.4 CONTRACTOR SUBMITTALS
6 L: }) @7 `0 {7 |  ?A. Submittals shall be made in accordance with the GENERAL REQUIREMENTS.
: n6 w* O+ e1 n3 x9 i  ZB. The following submittals and specific information shall be provided.& I. [! z0 N, m" C
1. Samples: The samples of all items requested by the ENGINEER shall be furnished by the' H: l- c/ V6 s$ l3 I, z
hardware supplier no later than [10] days after said request is received.! k. @, z" N2 V' i* H0 G0 p
2. Manufacturer's information: The CONTRACTOR shall submit a complete detailed+ ]" U/ ^2 Y1 H) M& I: c
hardware list and a schdule along with manufacturer's literature on each item for approval." \( x! w! r- O1 R8 d
No hardware shall be delivered until the hardware schedule has been approved by the3 g" W# Q1 R  }+ ?! v% ^
ENGINEER.! [  q8 r4 j2 Z) v+ R
3. The hardware schedule submitted by the CONTRACTOR shall list the actual product series
  n( z* K( k1 {# l' w' C1 Z. E7 mnumbers. Manufacturer's catalog requirements for actual size of door closers, brackets,# j9 m+ Q2 l4 {- }1 J, i* ^5 N/ t% m
and holders shall be observed. All door sizes shall be noted on the hardware schedule and
+ N" q, e3 a- A7 a8 vall hardware shall be in strict accordance with height, width, and thickness requirements.
! I0 C; r' t1 f8 H  T4. The schedule shall indicate groups, type, manufacturer's name, catalog number, location,1 G7 z# H: B6 x% `/ q8 C9 \( B5 M9 j
and finish of each item to be provided, all in accordance with the DHI "Architectural
0 j- g  b1 W: P* u% M) @; V, ZHardware Scheduling Sequence and Format".
! f& y# i0 Y3 ~9 e% G% }% l5. The schedule shall also include a complete template list showing template references and
3 t' \7 E- k- y/ i3 r% S, f5 B' ^data for each item requiring preparation of metal doors and frames.5 h" K; C% e1 ?! x) x% k
6. Hardware for aluminum doors may be included in a separate section of the schedule.0 d4 k5 R5 l# x  \+ A# M

$ x4 o# o$ V5 }: m1.5 QUALITY ASSURANCE
$ r& g4 {5 v# ?5 @3 vA. Manufacturer's product names, numbers, and models are given herein for the purpose of0 P+ r* U5 q7 Z3 b0 D& X; C
indicating the requirements for the type, general construction, material and operation of the$ I# q4 ]( B0 H8 t) H" n+ V
specific item, not with the intention of limiting the item to the manufacturer's listed product.
( y& U& q( U+ o0 I, u& sSubstitution of another manufacturer's product that is fully equivalent in all respects may be/ H5 q  }# Z+ u+ K$ V+ P# f5 X
made subject to the approval of the ENGINEER. It shall be the CONTRACTOR's responsibility
; A; ?0 r9 a% ]" |% {to supply detailed and complete data to the ENGINEER as required to facilitate appropriate
; H. F' K4 D1 ]7 Wevaluation of all proposed substitute items.
. B* b- K/ Z. i" \, s4 H0 Q! l6 d1.6 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING- `. W' _' S# t  V6 t% F8 R" N
A. Except where otherwise specified all hardware shall be delivered to the jobsite.
& T7 |+ V* p' }# q! {B. Each unit of hardware specified herein shall be individually packaged complete with fastenings0 t$ T+ ]  V! M2 b
and all appurtenances. Each package shall be clearly marked on the outside to indicate its
7 B% z% E8 M- h5 s- P# T  Ycontents and its specific location in the work, and shall be identified by its related number from0 O5 p* m! T+ V" @) }7 P, ^( J
the reviewed hardware list.; x9 j: D4 }" r$ t- N2 k: g& r
C. Contractor shall store hardware in a safe place at the jobsite where directed by the ENGINEER9 O$ d$ s  T$ x6 q6 o2 l
to prevent loss or damage until installation.
- |1 `2 x7 O7 q/ i9 @4 W, [) ]4 x
[ 本帖最后由 bafloow 于 2008-3-19 07:30 编辑 ]
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-19 07:34:28 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
PART 2 -- PRODUCTS
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  m2 \8 z' N' X/ |. X2.1 GENERAL
4 Q* t# R, @; T. D; J3 AA. Manufacturer's product names, numbers and models given herein are for the purpose of
- f5 k! a# @3 z7 _indicating the basic requirements for type, construction, material, operation, durability and$ ?+ Z+ Y2 O/ h/ \. F% M4 |
functional adequacy of the specific item. Substitution of another manufacturer's product that is+ i5 Y4 h% Q0 {' T0 O- @
fully equivalent in all respects will be made subject to the approval of the ENGINEER.$ ^, ^! k6 U2 V) N* T& r) n) q
B. Provide end products of one manufacturer for each item in order to achieve standardization for9 h% {; ~3 g* O' f3 [8 H
appearance, maintenance, and replacement.
: X5 S# g: m6 j( BC. When deemed necessary for product evaluation prior to review, the ENGINEER may require3 m& a* M3 v9 D% G: |. v6 b6 l
submittal of full size standard production units for inspection and check. Such samples will be% p) x+ Z* u. R+ P* x% `$ y
returned to the Contractor and may be installed on the project if identified for location in
% {2 D4 g+ Y' \conformance with specified requirements.
7 u, w7 k/ x1 @8 VD. Contractor shall check kinds and quantities of hardware products to determine conditions,
# ~* O$ Q. q0 ]6 l6 }3 `$ Dcompleteness, and conformance to the Specifications./ L* E- k3 F' T, Y8 C& [9 G2 N

5 c1 m0 n; L+ H) ^" o. e2.2 PRODUCT TYPES; T6 r$ l! n- f
A. Locks and Latches: All locks shall be security type with 6-pin cylinders having stainless steel
! ~# O5 z7 E; @- V2 m/ ~) cmechanism for all exterior hollow metal doors.2 T5 c. k; u3 Q  Z
B. Lock Uniformity: Except as otherwise specified, Contractor shall furnish locksets, cylinders, and
6 h3 [: ~: d2 u5 Z" ^component parts as hereinbefore specified, by one manufacturer.& {  j% i0 i0 d9 p; v7 M  l" X
C. Lock Strikes: Shall be boxed type with curved tip of sufficient length to protect trim and/or jamb.6 m1 |9 b" s4 a3 w9 u" x+ H* \. k
Lock strikes shall be delivered to the jobsite with the locksets.
- J5 L' X: i( U, z: K8 ^$ {$ zD. Fasteners: Bolts, screws, fittings, and other fasteners, including soffit plates for door closers,
" T' x3 v/ i' ^5 i, F, [1 p" _shall be provided for proper and secure attachment with specified hardware.
. B+ C* t( o- F) H( B  }E. Door Closers shall be full rack and pinion type with adjustable means of regulating closing speed,
( c% q' t% L2 V3 y. flatching speed, back check, and with reduced spring power and shall be regular parallel arm type9 g, {. P* v0 Y& e4 I
with 90 degrees to 180 degrees hold open provisions.# _/ R8 l1 j# c' L) u
F. Door Swings: Door swings indicated on the Contract drawings are standard door swings. If a
, y; G3 S# I) L0 q. }door hand is changed during Construction the Contractor shall make necessary changes in
5 y% }' G0 j4 Z, x* Uhardware at no additional expense to the CITY, subject to the approval of the ENGINEER.
0 U- w3 n0 ~/ k- @# _' |# G/ C2 j2 @" nG. Silencers shall be provided for all metal door frames; three for single doors, two for pairs of+ p! @! D  G7 U
doors.7 e* k) W- l( F( ~' O  E8 I
H. Door Butts shall be of proper width to clear trim and other features when door swings to
, r2 _, d" T" t9 F, v) o180 degrees and shall have oil-impregnated ball bearings.2 T, Q/ z) B/ E5 h  q9 ]/ l
1. Door 1-3/4-inch thick up to 7-feet 0-inch to have 1-1/2 pair of 4-1/2-inch X 4-1/2-inch butts.- [, ?* B7 o0 s) r4 g6 {+ M
2. Exterior doors to have butts with oil-impregnated bearings.
; h+ p1 u+ K- t8 S# A3. Provide template hinges for use on metal door frames.
" x& u% b, m. q! K3 Z, P* rI. Temporary Lock Cylinder: Contractor shall provide temporary lock cylinders with temporary' |# l  L* ^: j6 _+ ]/ {% ~
construction keys for door locks during the construction period.
2 \: t; k2 H$ [0 v3 gJ. Kickplates: 16-gauge stainless steel with edges beveled four (4)sides. Kickplates to be 10-; }+ _  w) ]8 K# s
inches high x door width less 1-inch.
4 f5 f% r( s9 M* `; b( @! S1 gK. Lock Astragal: Provide astragal for exterior in swinging 1-3/4-inch metal doors, of 9-3/8-inch x 1-) G6 x& n2 p' e$ h8 V- X/ `" }1 }
1/2-inch size with US 10 finish designed to prevent tampering of lock bolts from the exterior.
( n( s! {( a4 U4 `L. Flush Extension Bolt: Two point concealed automatic type for exit operation only with control! u$ q" l" `- E2 N( z$ ]9 S/ x
knob located on the inside, provided with top and bottom strikes, Underwriters Laboratories (UL)
: F6 X6 m, q$ v" A! E# e5 }/ }, T3 A+ oListed, bronze components with 626 finish and designed for use on 1-3/4-inch thick hollow metal+ {6 _; [; x" G
doors.
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3 a7 ?% h. `" t9 S, ]% }. u2.3 FINISHES% p$ |0 N: N# w4 {  E1 d, G6 p& b; ]" i2 g
A. All finishes hereinafter specified are "BHMA" numbers as specified by the "Building Hardware# u( K/ G( L6 u6 |, A
Manufacturer's Association".
& P$ g: j; _3 q1 J7 E! H1. 600 - Prime Coat
0 K8 ?$ w$ [: M  a$ C7 e2. 626 - Dull Chromium
& `4 L2 Z" g5 T# F3 w/ c3. 629 - Bright Stainless Steel: [" |. ?% C& x% K
4. 630 - Satin Stainless Steel* ?' V* V4 v2 U3 u+ p$ N  M
B. All items not specified herein shall have BHMA 630 finish.
, o2 v2 O: T& L7 P9 SC. Locksets and Deadlocks shall have BHMA 630 finish.
* b% O6 z# Q# _( fD. All hinges to have BHMA 630 finish
+ j1 h$ o! O4 }$ W3 X) s/ CE. Kickplates, Push and Pulls to have BHMA 630 finish.
, b  F8 Q3 V3 r! V  aF. Closer cover plates to have dull bronze lacquer finish.  ~2 c6 T( q) ]8 \3 P
G. Miscellaneous Finishes shall be as specified.
/ }! M3 [7 F: ~3 _) B' K% r( |; o+ u( S$ _" W
2.4 KEYING! w% c! I% |7 R' w
A. To ensure full coordination with CITY's keying needs and requirements, all keying will be
- N. q/ `5 \& @determined after a conference with the ENGINEER, and such keying shall be designated in the/ }5 N' G- _) Y0 j) k
CONTRACTOR's hardware schedule by appropriate set of numbers opposite the respective
* h* L1 m; x0 z9 Kdoors. Keys shall be positively identified for their respective locks and shall be delivered into the
9 E8 x7 O8 O7 Phands of the ENGINEER upon completion of the work.3 s2 S. Y( w  v0 Y& t
1. All locks and cylinders shall be labeled consecutively with the door number to correspond4 }9 q- d, b2 w/ u
with change keys. All shipping tags shall be of approximate 2-inch X 3-inch size., B! y8 G; I( @8 y2 u
B. Keys:( V1 g6 G3 t: r" K% d: U5 T* t
1. All keys shall be nickel-silver large bow, plain both sides, (6 pin) stamped on one side
5 Z3 v1 L; C: w: t0 f3 k( ]"CITY OF LOS ANGELES -DO NOT DUPLICATE".( G  }6 i; l( j+ ]- b3 \
2. CONTRACTOR shall furnish two (2) keys for keyed alike locks; two (2) keys for each keyed
9 h! `, M: F1 x' P) Jdifferent locks, and six (6) grandmaster keys.( K) Y' G6 e$ r1 i6 W2 a
3. Lock manufacturer shall ship all keys including grandmaster, master, and change keys, via
/ ^/ v- X7 |( E6 e4 ~Registered Mail directly to the ENGINEER. The keys shall be individually tagged and' s5 C6 L6 f. T4 i1 f5 r
identified by door locations.  x" c+ a3 O% w7 M; p
4. At the time of change-over from construction lock cylinders to permanent lock cylinders,, A- E- l  O' B' I3 g, N8 P6 ^' u
the INSPECTOR will check the permanent key operation with the in-place permanent lock" b* O9 p8 R% ]" X1 Q
cylinders to assure proper operation of locks and keys.+ S  S5 l6 v2 {6 V

, ~+ ]4 ?, I! H6 }! v  _) L9 u, E( C2.5 HARDWARE SCHEDULE
) K: q0 |' F) Y- y/ q8 qA. The following hardware schedule is intended to represent the hardware required. Provide the
' E* R' F8 \& Cfollowing hardware or their equal:
9 {: u# i7 Y+ _% {" E% r& |$#
- Y4 F; n7 [% j+ R, }9 BNTS: List quantity, description, manufacturer's detail and finish for hardware
' H$ x# S( u+ f  Z# v) u/ Japplicable to this project.( E9 P  d' \& z% ^! T. C
#$
, W+ C% ~; _6 p7 {! N$ o' N9 C! @
( }" H: i. K# l7 \/ K2.6 TEMPLATES
& S6 }- t" R) ]0 kA. All hardware for metal doors and metal frames shall be fabricated to template. Templates, or6 B( K" u: O& m# Z# T" S
physical hardware items, shall be furnished sufficiently in advance to avoid any work delay.6 A; G9 o4 Y$ c  e) L6 ]- J" i; |
& u1 B# {9 K' _7 M. s4 }3 u8 q
PART 3 -- EXECUTION
" ~" I1 K/ r$ s. g
- P- e6 Y' e! `8 M; U3.1 GENERAL
- t5 M3 s. u( b9 q( q4 [% JA. During the construction period, the CONTRACTOR shall employ temporary construction lock- R* c/ A$ [# P' n1 P
cylinders with temporary construction keys on door locks in the project.( m: A+ J* _- v' c3 \
B. Prior to completion of construction, and after final installation of hardware, the CONTRACTOR; f0 _5 @5 K3 m0 c% Y- l
shall demonstrate to the ENGINEER that all items of operable hardware function properly, that
% z. g( l. [! o: c' V% Ydoors swing smoothly, and that keys lock and unlock their respective doors.. a1 J% j2 H7 l* W7 m
C. At the time of completion of the facility, on direction of the ENGINEER, the CONTRACTOR shall# n+ M) @1 X3 l
replace the construction lock cylinders with the permanent lock cylinders.& s  [  K# r3 x' k* Y+ j3 V8 o
D. The CONTRACTOR, upon completion of the work herein, shall remove all oil, grease, or other7 E% l0 V: ^; i. x
soiling from exposed surfaces of finish hardware and shall remove all cartons, wrappings, and8 L3 T# ]( n* Q( T
other debris resulting from the work herein, and shall leave the facility in a neat, clean, and
- x5 f- z  e7 P: C. ^& bacceptable condition subject to approval by the ENGINEER.- s9 b$ ?3 x/ Q0 g, `3 h

/ \8 @, ~' J: I. O! E3.2 INSTALLATION/ V, ^' Y3 V9 a7 z% J
A. All hardware shall be installed accurately and in accordance with manufacturer's instructions.
2 ?4 F5 o' v% {  K5 ]7 `B. Hardware shall be securely tightened to develop full strength of components and provide for
! C) E% C0 J: g# X9 S% b) Z- Xproper operation.& f* ]  u  ?2 R2 F: X6 W
C. Make work neat and secure.
8 U$ ]1 `* i2 A2 CD. Prevent marring, scratching, or otherwise damaging adjacent finishes during hardware
7 f6 P, g+ Z8 Y& o" Rinstallation.! \. ~& e0 q; d  h- s9 e+ W; N; w
E. Latchbolts:: D$ m2 I! t, }+ q# Y
1. Install to engage in strikes automatically, whether activated by closers or manually.
$ N' W  N' L3 ^3 `6 Q2. Additional manual pressure shall not be required to engage latchbolt in strike.
* Q$ J  Y! p5 R* v0 @, oF. Stops and Holders: Set to allow doors to open as far as possible.+ H& r1 T: V# @- u
G. Wall Mounted Hardware: Install over solid structural backing or solid blocking in hollow walls.
$ w4 R; C9 U7 K+ xH. Thresholds:
3 U1 a9 l* |# |1. Cope ends neatly to profile of jamb.. t$ \3 J% S2 \8 z
2. Set in sealant and seal ends to jambs.; d- M! ]0 d+ b7 C
I. Hardware: Adjust for easy, noise-free operation.- D6 ^. q( c/ p( `$ J
J. Replace damaged hardware items.
5 G; p9 A# E, y/ J5 J- v# x6 Q, H
3.3 PROTECTION7 t8 N5 k% u. W2 F+ A. G( B6 P
A. Cover and protect exposed surfaces of hardware during installation and until substantial
) _9 r$ ]  x) |5 t; Jcompletion.
9 R& \, u6 v  n7 GB. Fit, dismantle, and reinstall finish hardware as required for finish painting work.+ z- z1 y9 g3 \; b! \
C. Protect and prevent staining of hardware during construction in accordance with manufacturer's
$ Y; ?* Q- f8 O! zrecommendations.6 O2 M( j( {+ ~5 C; H* R3 D
D. Remove protective measures on permanent lock cylinders installed prior to final cleaning.
4 `. t! y  w* c4 ?) ]* * * * * *
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-19 07:47:09 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
其实这都是常识,没有什么难的,确实可以减少好多漏洞,减少业主的风险,但是现行的体制下,工程师这么做了不但不能多挣钱,还赔进去好多时间,所以政府的监管职能应该强制执行,并且提高设计取费。做事情不能只讲少花钱。
发表于 2008-4-3 10:59:05 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国广东广州
国外设计充分尊重业主的要求。设计人员一般一直呆在工地现场进行协调服务和设计调整,所以前期的工作是框架性的,后期的工作比较多
发表于 2009-5-9 13:19:01 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国广东广州
又长见识了
发表于 2009-5-9 17:43:48 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国重庆
看来这国外还挺复杂了。
发表于 2009-5-16 20:13:58 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 越南
我在越南搞了一个大型生产线方面的项目,属于交钥匙项目,狗日的越南人搞的图纸花里胡哨的,实际用处太少,n多的工程制图人员,天天就知道开会,一个也不去现场看看,工程进度奇慢,图纸上的问题多多,建议以后有类似的项目最好我们提供全套的图纸,并且要收高价的规划设计费
发表于 2014-6-20 18:44:11 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国浙江宁波
犀利~学习了,但是比如美国这样的,人家搞软件多,土木最赚钱的就被拿走了
发表于 2022-6-17 09:12:52 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国福建宁德
大体上是一样的吧,都是建筑技术方面的," E( Q* s* y- l; F- O* S4 _% C" `
主要不同在于各国的文化、经济、风俗、政治等等
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