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1. Introduction
" ~$ q$ j6 B! e( gWind Energy Resources
* ^( d& {( I( n! q1 p1. Where does Wind Energy Come From?" ^% n! B' I5 a1 T
2. The Coriolis Force
' v% R8 l6 I" v; j# ?% B. C4 e3. Global Winds
9 s0 @' k% ?% u2 Y4. Geostrophic Wind
; H* P# {& f* x" @$ E4 K) x5. Local Winds: Sea Breezes
2 E9 x6 I5 O7 |# y6. Local Winds: Mountain Winds* f! Q: C* e* z) Q
7. The Energy in the Wind: Air Density and Rotor Area
1 m, {! E s/ X/ E* Q8. Wind Turbines Deflect the Wind+ N4 M: y, P3 B
9. The Power of the Wind: Cube of Wind Speed
: d8 B( m: G" K {% e10. Wind Speed Measurement: Anemometers& s. t$ {( h* h
11. Wind Speed Measurement in Practice
' X4 r4 Z3 l/ `0 k& h) L5 Y- d$ I12. The Wind Rose
# R/ o' n- ~) ?, l7 J' l13. Wind Rose Plotter Programme (requires Netscape 4, or IE 4)
4 @9 r1 v. ~* G) S% K! i) ]4 ^14. Roughness and Wind Shear' Z) N% C8 D* c( m* l4 ]7 _+ k g
15. Wind Speed Calculator (requires Netscape 3, 4, or IE 4)
' j; b2 t( Q6 @) T; R9 p/ Z16. Wind Shear and Escarpments
# C' T: p, A% {# ]17. The Roughness Rose! |; I; u4 ?" D/ f, e; I! T
18. Wind Speed Variability0 d4 Z1 l) r: T6 b" _0 C
19. Turbulence
6 Q6 ^- f2 q D, k; ^' v20. Wind Obstacles
- D: W# n! n. d; e& ]21. Wind Shade/ w" L+ u9 H( r& B& m5 t: ^
22. Guide to the Wind Shade Calculator" ^- E. y+ j" o5 w
23. Wind Shade Calculator (requires Netscape 3, 4, or IE 4)
4 e) p; ~; [1 [6 Y% h24. Wake Effect+ U9 V A* u9 n) T
25. Park Effect
( K ]% i2 ]; f26. Speed Up Effects: Tunnel Effect
% `$ s6 t( ~2 H3 Z& F6 ~% H8 Y27. Speed Up Effects: Hill Effect
& n* l( V( ^! U- q& m0 z. o28. Selecting a Wind Turbine Site. k5 i* N {8 O( I2 K4 E2 R
29. Offshore Wind Conditions
: Q& k* q) H' r+ Z30. Wind Map of Western Europe; a- D' ?% T& j9 A" ?. c
31. Wind Map of Denmark
1 F$ d8 N# Q4 i# c h2 \2./ B8 Q: {: [6 l/ Z2 s% x1 f
Computing Wind Turbine Energy Output
- E: }5 F. K" i" L: o x u1. Describing Wind Variations: Weibull Distribution6 x7 L5 D$ s5 I& O+ e
2. Weibull Distribution Plotter Programme (requires Netscape5 G+ c3 A: y( \( `
3.
/ S' T( F) \) ]5 s" Z' h9 Q& ]3, 4, or IE 4)
7 @! u$ X1 \3 B+ z2 h3. The Average Bottle Fallacy
" P% R1 I; C5 w% q9 P7 [, i4. Mean (Average) Power of the Wind
9 `9 q Q7 Q) b( s5. Betz' Law% z7 {; e6 J- R* |7 }
6. Power Density Function4 J- Y1 Y% h! y6 u# e
7. Power Curve of a Wind Turbine
7 N; D. ? Q }1 h$ n: M' W' e" M8. The Power Coefficient
, x% G+ R7 z6 a3 h) o4 {6 L2 v9. Guide to the Wind Turbine Power Calculator
7 X* \) o1 r; @6 UWind Turbine Power Calculator (requires Netscape 3, 4, or
/ |# g, s7 E* X. ~6 Z- \IE 4)2 e+ r/ q8 \& V, u
10.6 d8 o5 x+ w+ C, F, D
11. Annual Energy Output from a Wind Turbine
$ R& O. u9 \! \& F$ x# w' vHow Does a Wind Turbine Work?
3 J8 b2 f) w; E$ {2 m, M0 }: H1. Wind Turbine Components$ x1 ~# d0 d- Y, ^: t& W* L
2. Aerodynamics of Wind Turbines - Lift& y% n+ O) T8 W+ z
3. Aerodynamics of Wind Turbines - Stall and Drag
8 G& L! o; B; j* p, \' J4. Adding Wind Speeds and Directions
' X6 K* I& S1 x6 B% C5. Rotor Aerodynamics/ ~. t# O# \1 e& N
6. Rotor Blades
( k6 n6 y3 q2 b3 u0 Y2 Q) ?9 A7. Power Control of Wind Turbines! N8 h1 C- b& f+ H) ^! Z0 ?9 \+ {5 J
8. The Wind Turbine Yaw Mechanism
- ^' u$ t1 A: ~9. Wind Turbine Towers1 N4 u6 Z! _* p: H+ S6 a
10. Wind Turbine Generators
; ^/ L( ~( T9 a5 {) A! {11. Synchronous Generators1 \* z$ i0 A' e2 Z# d/ _3 f4 N6 j
12. Changing Generator Rotational Speed
! x' Y- O" {6 @# ~13. Asynchronous (Induction) Generators
& I: R0 A* b: P) s* ?5 O14. Changing the Number of Generator Poles4 l f7 g v2 [" k/ h: ?7 d' k0 o
15. Variable Slip Generators for Wind Turbines, ^0 n7 ]) R2 }
16. Indirect Grid Connection of Wind Turbines' |: z. N2 ?: H- W4 m
17. Gearboxes for Wind Turbines, A$ z2 N" i$ h6 l9 F( o- z* c; t1 n
18. The Electronic Wind Turbine Controller
0 `9 N2 J% q, T19. Controlling Power Quality from Wind Turbines
/ O# y* t& O R* O1 G, U20. Size of Wind Turbines8 |6 ~- {6 P) I- k8 F
21. Wind Turbine Safety: v% _4 ?+ e" O) C/ y7 S
22. Wind Turbine Occupational Safety
1 w9 B7 d# M2 V9 Q4.8 i2 B6 V2 G7 ^# g$ t
Designing Wind Turbines
$ n. `( v" H- H% h/ Z. F+ Y1. Basic Load Considerations
0 @8 G0 r, ]& \9 X7 R4 M2. Wind Turbines: Horizontal or Vertical Axis Machines?
9 h8 }+ b' ? y3 K4 Q9 @$ K! j6 c3 O+ h3. Wind Turbines: Upwind or Downwind? }% T5 q# d' J4 S6 t
4. Wind Turbines: How Many Blades?9 P6 j" C9 O# ?5 P& u
5. Optimising Wind Turbines
. V. H$ m5 | W6. Designing for Low Mechanical Noise from Wind Turbines z( a8 V% k* K1 a8 D/ z
7. Designing for Low Aerodynamic Noise from Wind Turbines
- c! v9 `; V8 h4 ]% O0 Q5.
% R( C0 ~1 R' q% h% H5 I% {Manufacturing and Installing Wind Turbines
' L. X$ |! ^1 c4 s3 E; WManufacturing Wind Turbine Nacelles (QTVR panorama
h" e2 P2 M ?# F4 W1 T1 _requires QuickTime plugin)
6 e# ]: q' u% ~1.
' D' f# Z$ _' N- W2. Testing Wind Turbine Rotor Blades NEW9 J8 k! Y; P$ K7 P# K2 o+ N$ N
3. Manufacturing Wind Turbine Towers: O7 N$ X. G2 e: m
4. Welding Turbine Towers! A5 O* C2 L( M/ {2 j, b% {
5. Installing and Assembling Wind Turbine Towers8 ]+ P$ K0 T m" ^
6.
- }( O9 k m6 S% Y/ ~; hResearch and Development in Wind Energy
, y9 Y. R* ]. I$ S# l5 O1. Research and Development in Wind Energy: _. [6 o0 C8 I# U) M
2. Offshore Wind Power Research
6 y& W. y4 `) R& v3. Offshore Wind Turbine Foundations
4 y' {+ F& T7 X Y! k4. Offshore Foundations: Traditional Concrete
f+ N9 K& M; @6 E5. Offshore Foundations: Gravitation + Steel
# q1 G. S/ Z7 \# l& E6. Offshore Foundations: Mono Pile
: N! x' _" Y. c9 g8 m; V7. Offshore Foundations: Tripod
# z. { u& }8 T" e$ O1 M2 g7.
& N8 o6 Y/ R$ A& t6 ?Wind Turbines in the Electrical Grid
9 T* e, G# w# \) x, s( e1. Wind Energy Variations9 e# ~) \3 x0 @, I* E$ s$ \1 A3 U
2. Seasonal Variation in Wind Energy
, J" H9 m/ n4 ^) u1 d& s3. Wind Turbines and Power Quality Issues- ?7 D# S: a) ~& Q
4. Grid Connection of Offshore Wind Parks7 u' ?+ l* G+ x' c1 ^: d1 V# }
8.# ?+ a* d: m6 @. H
Wind Energy and the Environment
. E9 ?2 V8 c; P6 G( _1. Wind Turbines in the Landscape
: P' m% b- z" ?/ S9 o2. Sound from Wind Turbines' r( A/ e9 ~% G
3. Measuring and Calculating Sound Levels
& v" _& b: W' h. \. p! o4. Sound Map Calculator (requires Netscape 3, 4, or IE 4)# `7 }/ o4 }7 N' J
Wind Turbine Sound Calculator (requires Netscape 3, 4, or6 o- I% ~2 T8 E. t7 h
IE 4)8 Q* R5 A1 x" v/ l5 v
5.6 X3 e9 Y8 B) H0 p: V
6. Energy Payback Period for Wind Turbines. [8 U/ [! \1 m, [
7. Birds and Wind Turbines
+ I7 B1 W9 ~# e6 c: M. I" U8. Birds and Offshore Wind Turbines1 ^' d1 |/ D' i) [' o. S
9. Shadow Casting from Wind Turbines; R; C- @8 \. Z* g
10. Calculating Shadows from Wind Turbines
$ ^+ f3 `& q# G3 R3 P11. Refining Shadow Calculations for Wind Turbines% j5 M) @, X( I5 k3 A1 N @2 S
12. Shadow Variations from Wind Turbines' G9 m5 ?" o! ^8 g& G( Y
13. Guide to the Wind Turbine Shadow Calculator+ ?0 L) h& _. k9 A) X+ ]4 U
Wind Turbine Shadow Calculator (requires Netscape 3, 4, or
2 m, p' n5 G. e1 zIE 4)
, |/ h0 [2 S. r' L4 {3 [( ]7 d* v14.
- x1 L9 t% f* @9.
% p ^! _- t4 H" |6 U/ ~, jWind Energy Economics$ v3 Z. A* w; w% T
1. What does a Wind Turbine Cost?
2 n% T! M* M# e, y2 i. Z2. Installation Costs for Wind Turbines8 E$ B5 l4 M# b8 C4 j3 @
3. Operation and Maintenance Costs6 q+ v# o$ r# b
4. Income from Wind Turbines
9 Y$ O# f, z3 R( _7 g+ R5. Wind Energy and Electrical Tariffs$ g% U5 h2 p* ]3 \6 Q1 e1 p$ @! C
6. Basic Economics of Investment7 |2 Y+ f* ]0 U; b
7. Wind Energy Economics' G& c4 A9 f: @ @3 L4 z
8. Guide to the Wind Energy Economics Calculator
$ R- c4 N/ S/ b. _# C7 QWind Energy Economics Calculator (requires Netscape 3, 4,1 N8 h* q8 {( u- b! m: k
or IE 4)* K% @) ~* f% } B, E2 ]
9.
. \3 e7 e7 \, V10. The Economics of Offshore Wind Energy
0 m" w/ D: o* r7 s* d11. Wind Energy and Employment
; r: |! J( S" q. [10.: F5 S7 N3 x" z& L* j9 O; V2 q/ @
Modern Wind Turbine History (Pictures)9 @# I2 z$ m6 N" s" E& r* g+ C
1. The Wind Energy Pioneer: Poul la Cour' | P0 G- c1 z( {, |+ f
2. The Wind Energy Pioneers - 1940-1950
9 }' n1 w& |1 j8 I, g, e3. The Wind Energy Pioneers - The Gedser Wind Turbine
% y, V0 z. m/ }4. Wind Turbines From the 1980s% i" I5 H F- n" C
5. The California Wind Rush( L2 g- `' r+ E3 t, `
11.$ F# \- q& D% B. W, c0 x- w( ~
6. Modern Wind Turbines
* P) C6 B, p: ~2 c7. Offshore Wind Turbines
+ |; i- I0 r6 A: w) L) h8. Megawatt-Sized Wind Turbines3 m7 D; K" P P* Z2 b5 A' C* X
9. Multi-Megawatt Wind Turbines, f9 X ^- @2 @6 D% c5 I* a
Wind Turbine Energy.rar
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发表于 2009-2-17 13:24:09