QQ登录

只需一步,快速开始

登录 | 注册 | 找回密码

三维网

 找回密码
 注册

QQ登录

只需一步,快速开始

展开

通知     

查看: 8264|回复: 18
收起左侧

[讨论] 在国外搞建筑工程设计,哪些东西与国内不同?

[复制链接]
发表于 2008-3-14 07:56:30 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式 来自: 加拿大

马上注册,结识高手,享用更多资源,轻松玩转三维网社区。

您需要 登录 才可以下载或查看,没有帐号?注册

x
有朋友想了解国外是怎么搞建筑工程设计的吗?: p* z) Q# F7 Z" _% F+ U

( F8 F- J2 `8 w  F; r. N
' ^: K6 }/ U9 l" |* a
据本人观察,国内的设计院一般专业设置齐全,一个项目不出大门就能搞定。在国外一个专业,最多两个专业就是一个公司,一个项目要n个公司协作才能完成。边规划边协调,边协调边设计,边设计边施工,边施工边修改,边修改边调试,边调试边培训,边培训边验收。混乱但有秩序,低效但保质量。所以就造成了国外的图纸画的很好看,内容好像很多,但就我们关心焦点尺寸,少之又少。等到最后施工,这些东西都快协调800遍了,由施工人员"打哪指哪",哪里还有什么错、漏、碰、缺呀。大家可能注意到了,国外的图纸上有五花八门的声明,其目的就是尽量少负法律责任。要是真有脱不了干系的责任,就把板子打在那个在图纸上盖章的“注册工程师”身上,所以对于设计责任他最上心,不用三级校审也行。
2 k0 [3 {5 ]' g7 Q; |
4 E2 V  Q" V+ K5 _' f- S$ e1 m- B

+ C7 e3 F& \9 x9 s6 L, {+ G. Y此贴抛砖引玉,以共享外国,外企网友的经验,为我国的工程建设领域借鉴。% \+ Z8 E9 c; n( D2 E* Z  F/ k

- R: l% f2 e, \[ 本帖最后由 bafloow 于 2008-3-14 08:11 编辑 ]

评分

参与人数 1三维币 +5 收起 理由
et998866 + 5 论题有新意

查看全部评分

 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-15 09:06:21 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
贴一张图请大家看看(通风)

M-421 Part Layout.PDF

456.47 KB, 下载次数: 5

发表于 2008-3-16 10:43:42 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国河南安阳
国外也有总包与分包的关系吧。如果自己协调各分包商的关系是比较麻烦。

评分

参与人数 1三维币 +3 收起 理由
et998866 + 3 技术讨论

查看全部评分

 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-16 10:53:18 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大

比图纸还重要的设计文件 - Specification

多年以前,我们设计院接了个境外项目,当时北京的寰球在国际工程领域名气较大,所以我们就到他们那里取经。因为我国的大型化工装置均为进口,寰球的前身就是化工部第一设计院,他们在对外交往中比大多数设计院先行一步。他们告诉我们,设计文件除了图纸外,还有一个重要文件就是设备规格书,我们院给了它起了另外一个名子“工程规定”。化工装置的设备规格书好理解,建筑工程的规格书当时还真不知道是什么。最终费尽九牛二虎之力,闭门造车还是给写出了一个,好在那个项目后来黄了,否则丑就出大了。
2 ]6 ]6 ^' @' D: C5 H" b 6 @' ^& ?& u# w0 B
工程规定是何物?原来它在国外叫Specification,是由专门的组织编写的,然后以政府级高度被采用,内容涉及对工程所有环节的详细要求,远非一个设计院的能力所能及。这个指导性文件,基本上是检验教训和打官司打出的产物,有了这个东西作为工程的指导,即使设计人员自己本身经验不丰富,工程质量也不大会有大问题,参与各方也不会有大纠纷。我国的那种行业的“施工及验收规范”还是比不上这个Specification

评分

参与人数 1三维币 +5 收起 理由
et998866 + 5 技术讨论

查看全部评分

 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-16 11:02:32 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
原帖由 wanyeqing2003 于 2008-3-16 10:43 发表 http://www.3dportal.cn/discuz/images/common/back.gif- P9 _0 z6 d1 ~& M- E* s/ z- d
国外也有总包与分包的关系吧。如果自己协调各分包商的关系是比较麻烦。

/ H0 D/ c, d% J& ?" B* W国外的分包商多如牛毛,协调是个大问题,文件中出现最多的词就是coordination。上贴所说的Specification就有很多协调方面的要求,设计人员也有这方面的职责。
发表于 2008-3-16 19:38:22 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国河南洛阳
国际上有专门承包合同,规定了承包方的各种职责,权利和义务。, X" h: d8 x& p1 z  f9 L  y: t
我们业主和承包方往往不了解其中的内容,所以比较费劲。) M- ~/ Q$ f3 w* P% Z5 e

  f5 G1 R1 d4 H7 u% M) i具体内容可以参考下面的网页:- `) z7 c6 \7 l/ K4 W& }* l
http://www.tb-lawyer.com/Article_Special.asp?SpecialID=1
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-16 20:32:48 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
FIDIC太庞大了,美国,加拿大的MasterFormat被广泛采用于日常的建筑工程当中,各设计单位还要根据工程的具体情况作补充修改,作为设计文件与图纸一起发布。在施工之前设计人员还要根据specification的要求,审核施工承包商,或设备材料供货商所提供的解决方案是否合理,设备材料是否符合要求的等等,承包商的偷工减料在这个环节中被杜绝。
发表于 2008-3-16 21:01:11 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国河南洛阳
有了FIDIC合同,还需要有这方面知识的人员来执行。
. ?8 L! L2 j+ B$ C" F$ R
- j, \" V; N1 {$ ~  }6 f. \& a工程中除了甲方代表外,还有监理可以协助开展工作。: O* _7 Y  h+ A% Q  y8 B

6 i# `$ g) W( d4 J( I[ 本帖最后由 wanyeqing2003 于 2008-3-18 07:58 编辑 ]
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-18 07:40:50 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
以下是一个实际工程的spec. (建筑设备)内容目录 15000.tableofcontents.pdf (10.72 KB, 下载次数: 2)
发表于 2008-3-18 10:54:37 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国北京
呵呵~~国际项目确实不一样!
6 W- r2 `- R, |; w+ I: P; u7 Y经常见到的文件有以下几种:
. ^* y+ T6 W4 t8 e. Vspecification(说明书),calculation (计算书),MATERIAL REQUISITION,datasheet,Technical Enquiry,MATERIAL TAKE-OFF......
* ^3 I* l+ r: S1 P' x6 {那个specification最难弄,把各方面都必须写得很清楚,每句话最好都要按照标准里要求那样写!其他的文件都好说!/ L- K" U6 V. L# o, g4 ~

$ L! {# j2 F* m( D3 J, y下面给大家一个阴极保护方面的specification的目录看看!6 `' B' R. V* @$ s; e
: Q& ^$ ?- L; u; i; B' w. L
INDEX  R- c) ^" o9 c8 D  D/ H/ I' W
1.0 SCOPE. + e$ S2 D) l3 S% k
1.1 General. " V4 J0 i# O8 D* V# n7 X
1.2 Definitions. ; S. H4 O  m  p6 m
2.0 CODES, REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS. ( b% k% c/ b* Q1 y  r- B" a  E
2.1Codes, Regulations and Standards.
4 D  [& E$ h; V6 T3.0 CLIMATIC CONDITIONS.
6 h7 Q, K  |/ v% ^4 N* N/ S4.0 BASIC DATA..
" Y$ k+ R- {) x4 z5 H4.1 Design Life.
; |6 `0 u$ X$ }+ s, [" h4.2 Cathodic Protection Potential. / y3 z- |7 I) L4 ^! i6 ~
4.3 Protection Current Density..
4 K- d% X3 L3 |- Q: u) z- t+ I# R4.4 Energy..
# n0 l/ ]2 }  X" ~# h4.5 Test Posts.
3 \% f  m4 Q3 n7 u: }) c" j! |8 V4.6 Insulating Joint..
& |* I" E! G6 @* `4.7 Effect of Electric Line.   k; s% z" q/ H) s, p
4.8 TemporaryCathodic Protection..
# |- X0 L! q5 e4 Q1 C5.0 DESIGN CRITERIA..   ~4 {( x7 H- M1 v- [8 @% b1 g
5.1 Mode of Cathodic Protection..
* g2 v1 d, J9 r: R# U5.2 Transformer Rectifier.. 2 o7 H6 X5 r0 M
5.3 Anodes.
8 t+ z* E- @* R0 {+ S% H5.4 Carbonaceous Backfill.
9 N$ y& ?6 T; [% v) A5.5 Anode Junction Box..
: R5 l! d' e' |+ _$ F  |5.6 Test Post and Permanent Reference Electrodes. # R  p8 O1 G3 ^! ^$ _" O$ t
5.7 Cables.
6 y% G1 k9 I, n. T+ e% M5.8 Permanent Reference Cell.
  E6 V, F  h& h. |) D+ z5.9 Groundbed.. 2 b' R: Q( L" l1 L- q7 ^; L' O! i
5.10 Pipeline GroundingSystem...
- U+ h2 w5 g- |- t0 r  @5 E# p5.11 Casing Pipe Cathodic Protection System...
* E, r% m- B9 N3 t  F& n6.0 TEST OF CORROSION PROTECTION SYSTEM... 3 ~. A/ j& F1 A0 W6 t
7.0 INSTALLATION..
4 A+ {3 d# d, Q% h2 H0 ~- x8.0 COMMISSIONING TESTS.
1 z: P9 q) a: K& W! i9.0 OPERATION & MAINTENANCE. ( g0 ]5 Y! M5 x
10.0 SPARE PARTS. ! M* d7 [' d0 B3 G" s7 M

0 e( c. v, ~& M: H1 R4 k4 v- l% P[ 本帖最后由 zxs1221 于 2008-3-18 10:59 编辑 ]
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-19 07:29:15 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大

Specification -- 内墙的施工,供货,和提交的文件要求-1

[WASTEWATER MASTER SPECIFICATION] FINISH HARDWARD
& S- S+ E. F' Z+ u  A' m5 C[PROJECT TITLE] 08710-1) x7 j# e  x, |; m; D
SECTION 087105 p2 O7 k! p  V5 w4 X6 E8 a9 R# w
FINISH HARDWARE: a9 P& F7 G+ N9 K3 ^/ k; `
$#
% T6 X% k5 e' g# L5 TNTS: This specification section requires careful review by the specifier. The specifier# k) c2 \% Y% V3 u5 h
is required to modify the section according to the requirements of the project.' W/ v4 s$ g+ F, Z1 p0 R- h
Brackets indicate items to be checked, completed, edited, selected, or filled in.
9 Y+ q: z) G& \: ?3 K* FNTS notations and brackets should be removed in the final printing.) L3 m; A" G8 T- A4 O/ L1 X$ A
#$9 y" P; a9 E7 f5 E5 Y* `
PART 1 -- GENERAL
" c# t( f5 H6 E. O1 U- A0 r
+ Q- \7 @! y/ w$ C( a1.1 THE REQUIREMENT$ m+ \$ C+ g; f$ v* J
A. The Contractor shall furnish all tools, equipment, materials, supplies and manufactured items,
  [: M0 m7 [2 H8 \and shall perform all labor required to furnish and install, complete, finish hardware as indicated0 X  w1 q; m8 U' Q8 n) @
on the Drawings and specified herein.
/ [  w9 p3 Z0 s7 F9 m  d
! c  \3 ?) ?/ z% W: u7 I1.2 RELATED WORK SPECIFIED ELSEWHERE
* ^) \, J+ t+ O' X, kA. Section [02830] Chain Link Fences and Gates." v& N4 J+ T: a& x* ?& `4 Z* p* H
B. Section [05500] Miscellaneous Metalwork., T8 W$ q( O( R; J% g
C. Section [06100] Rough Carpentry.
! ~% X: \/ U9 ^" Q7 w- v; |D. Section [06200] Finish Carpentry and Millwork.
" [& d/ ~; k3 W, lE. Section [08360] Overhead Doors.
4 |% K5 N0 d* x0 x1 |" h/ xF. Section [08410] Aluminum Entrance and Storefronts.3 p: J6 k( d0 h; n" Z; ~0 [
G. Section [10160] Metal Toilet Partitions.% W! w! k# Y2 r
H. Section [10500] Metal Lockers.
$ P+ O$ e2 L: O- c' e; d% H% \7 d5 i5 g7 z0 q# c
1.3 REFERENCE SPECIFICATIONS, CODES AND STANDARDS. z4 F% g: I8 b& E: s, q
A. Comply with the reference specifications of the GENERAL REQUIREMENTS.8 x% E! S# x( u# r6 B
B. Comply with the current provisions of the following Codes and Standards.
+ P  ^. N9 G% V: w2 w( |9 E- w. l1. Commercial Standards:
( N2 T! m% U" z! G! r( y2 HUnderwriter's Laboratories, Inc. requirements and approvals.& T4 E( E4 D) s" C& h
Hardware Institute (DHI) Recommended Procedure for Processing Hardware
0 b3 J$ p1 A6 M, D0 PSchedules and Templates and Architectural Hardware
  f( y% b" Z! }* e+ v0 a0 s9 YScheduling and Format.8 W( R9 c4 \1 z2 |- x7 {
BHMA Builders' Hardware Manufacturers' Association
- o: g8 h3 H" j2. Manufacturers' Standards: In addition to the standards listed above, the finish hardware
) s: _! Q# e! l4 Iand its installation shall be in accordance with the manufacturers' published7 [" D. [5 l% K3 z6 z3 J
recommendations and specifications.
1 N5 z9 F& a8 y5 ~! i9 q
- g3 S4 W, X7 S. ]& [1.4 CONTRACTOR SUBMITTALS: S* `1 N+ ^2 x+ Q! Z
A. Submittals shall be made in accordance with the GENERAL REQUIREMENTS.+ k! t: [( W! G" `
B. The following submittals and specific information shall be provided.
. {6 ]1 n) c9 E. _1. Samples: The samples of all items requested by the ENGINEER shall be furnished by the
+ C1 w/ G% _  P  U: ahardware supplier no later than [10] days after said request is received.9 R5 R9 h. E& o6 ^8 o1 c0 ~
2. Manufacturer's information: The CONTRACTOR shall submit a complete detailed, o# N. E" ~6 d; U% a' A9 K) i. X
hardware list and a schdule along with manufacturer's literature on each item for approval.% g# I+ S2 F- g% A# g5 i) O( h
No hardware shall be delivered until the hardware schedule has been approved by the
/ f" {) b# H! F4 A9 P3 lENGINEER.  n. g2 r/ V0 h" P
3. The hardware schedule submitted by the CONTRACTOR shall list the actual product series! A; P; \7 {; e; b
numbers. Manufacturer's catalog requirements for actual size of door closers, brackets,
$ N8 M& m; ?3 Z9 ]  M* Oand holders shall be observed. All door sizes shall be noted on the hardware schedule and5 K/ @4 c! y" S5 O# {- ?- s
all hardware shall be in strict accordance with height, width, and thickness requirements.
8 D3 v! h$ v) D8 a, H: v4. The schedule shall indicate groups, type, manufacturer's name, catalog number, location,5 m% M( ?  {* O8 k/ B- P
and finish of each item to be provided, all in accordance with the DHI "Architectural
' O- i8 L/ ]$ cHardware Scheduling Sequence and Format".
$ A9 {5 ?. h0 q$ Q& l5. The schedule shall also include a complete template list showing template references and3 z* Z3 ?  I2 L6 w: o1 b
data for each item requiring preparation of metal doors and frames.
, h) S7 ^( ~: d# U, H6. Hardware for aluminum doors may be included in a separate section of the schedule.
  A5 B* P4 P0 n& S
& N0 t/ Y+ O8 r1.5 QUALITY ASSURANCE
/ q- U+ Y& L, j4 V4 k) e# c$ d5 iA. Manufacturer's product names, numbers, and models are given herein for the purpose of6 H7 W* m6 M* R3 ?7 T3 V
indicating the requirements for the type, general construction, material and operation of the+ o, A$ L4 [5 ]/ o. s) E9 U7 V, M
specific item, not with the intention of limiting the item to the manufacturer's listed product.3 D: {; k9 I6 u& U
Substitution of another manufacturer's product that is fully equivalent in all respects may be0 [* k# g* s2 {% a0 E8 k) u% K
made subject to the approval of the ENGINEER. It shall be the CONTRACTOR's responsibility
# t9 E5 D" }6 q" w& I' r) T$ Fto supply detailed and complete data to the ENGINEER as required to facilitate appropriate. w& o" l4 t9 [. v$ b$ m; {/ z
evaluation of all proposed substitute items.
  d% j8 ~7 ]1 f2 N0 T! q1.6 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING, S8 ]. ?" k5 Z+ h9 R, w
A. Except where otherwise specified all hardware shall be delivered to the jobsite.
, s* K* J% G1 ?B. Each unit of hardware specified herein shall be individually packaged complete with fastenings/ N) T4 i# C9 N2 [/ y6 i1 R" ?
and all appurtenances. Each package shall be clearly marked on the outside to indicate its3 |) N5 j( A7 B7 U
contents and its specific location in the work, and shall be identified by its related number from
6 r) o# x- _( @) ?the reviewed hardware list.
" C: |% S/ ]  Y: N, W1 z% pC. Contractor shall store hardware in a safe place at the jobsite where directed by the ENGINEER1 g. c8 j3 u, z# \4 ^
to prevent loss or damage until installation.' C5 O, M, f& J/ ^$ f
: J" b" R& |& k* L
[ 本帖最后由 bafloow 于 2008-3-19 07:30 编辑 ]
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-19 07:34:28 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
PART 2 -- PRODUCTS9 N& k3 @1 \6 R/ Y' ^

2 \7 K0 e( n& l7 ~( b2.1 GENERAL  x, |" t9 N. d" h1 W7 e
A. Manufacturer's product names, numbers and models given herein are for the purpose of% ?4 ^9 I5 Z/ N4 T; e. ?
indicating the basic requirements for type, construction, material, operation, durability and
, H' L  T- |4 @2 i9 p- {$ \6 q, @functional adequacy of the specific item. Substitution of another manufacturer's product that is
* d5 S' a' L3 y5 p8 \1 r8 G1 Afully equivalent in all respects will be made subject to the approval of the ENGINEER.
6 @0 T8 y: Q8 n9 A# z' I' U  pB. Provide end products of one manufacturer for each item in order to achieve standardization for
# a/ w& Z! U7 ?. p+ T& ~) ~appearance, maintenance, and replacement.0 |" q% P& G6 ?. F& p
C. When deemed necessary for product evaluation prior to review, the ENGINEER may require; _2 y1 A3 N0 f; W- J1 U$ j0 ^* ?
submittal of full size standard production units for inspection and check. Such samples will be- O% j' R9 A: v1 b
returned to the Contractor and may be installed on the project if identified for location in" C8 T2 E% r* w" S. S+ M
conformance with specified requirements.* F  I/ D2 J* v$ U: M& H
D. Contractor shall check kinds and quantities of hardware products to determine conditions,
/ X) q6 {) k( C, J: Acompleteness, and conformance to the Specifications.3 E* y% R# x- q/ ?' w/ I4 H
' P) O* g' N( v' ~, p# O4 h, [/ {
2.2 PRODUCT TYPES
( }* R: d' W) l$ S: }% f5 ]+ D7 BA. Locks and Latches: All locks shall be security type with 6-pin cylinders having stainless steel
4 M: k8 |1 v$ E; M7 z. fmechanism for all exterior hollow metal doors.) e  W! p0 f2 a  J+ C
B. Lock Uniformity: Except as otherwise specified, Contractor shall furnish locksets, cylinders, and2 ]4 V# r( }/ M- @6 \
component parts as hereinbefore specified, by one manufacturer.6 f+ T2 |; q0 R. Y7 t# u
C. Lock Strikes: Shall be boxed type with curved tip of sufficient length to protect trim and/or jamb.6 H  h) D" o) P' r% z! X: a
Lock strikes shall be delivered to the jobsite with the locksets.- U5 \% ?- J& x- X
D. Fasteners: Bolts, screws, fittings, and other fasteners, including soffit plates for door closers,6 R) B' k% @( k7 c
shall be provided for proper and secure attachment with specified hardware.
" b+ ?. K4 P- CE. Door Closers shall be full rack and pinion type with adjustable means of regulating closing speed,, q! F' O; Q5 S# r: R8 _8 G. D3 y
latching speed, back check, and with reduced spring power and shall be regular parallel arm type
9 m" J4 ]" }# H0 B) p# b1 n0 Fwith 90 degrees to 180 degrees hold open provisions.) O# @* U- h8 h4 a3 B- I7 ~6 u  o1 D
F. Door Swings: Door swings indicated on the Contract drawings are standard door swings. If a0 Z/ g- G; c2 e$ Q6 |. H; O# b; Z2 p
door hand is changed during Construction the Contractor shall make necessary changes in
8 z8 \/ p! o6 r1 f, P9 `) |hardware at no additional expense to the CITY, subject to the approval of the ENGINEER.* ^; g# r4 p9 t
G. Silencers shall be provided for all metal door frames; three for single doors, two for pairs of1 S4 m; [8 A. i' b; w
doors.0 K1 J. q  J4 F& u+ Q* G
H. Door Butts shall be of proper width to clear trim and other features when door swings to
7 u0 C4 d0 d% t$ g/ u. H5 B3 r180 degrees and shall have oil-impregnated ball bearings.
+ l, i/ f' H3 F' y, W1. Door 1-3/4-inch thick up to 7-feet 0-inch to have 1-1/2 pair of 4-1/2-inch X 4-1/2-inch butts.
* Y; \" {# I' h( [* K2. Exterior doors to have butts with oil-impregnated bearings.
( G5 a+ G, u1 i. x$ }  q4 ~0 Q3. Provide template hinges for use on metal door frames.
' k/ t; ?2 F* p) LI. Temporary Lock Cylinder: Contractor shall provide temporary lock cylinders with temporary3 j  @) T% ^; l/ m9 p
construction keys for door locks during the construction period.+ W) q; |4 Q+ v, H" [
J. Kickplates: 16-gauge stainless steel with edges beveled four (4)sides. Kickplates to be 10-
9 l1 |4 {# a( h- N2 Pinches high x door width less 1-inch.4 @' Q' Q1 K& L# T; V: }5 S
K. Lock Astragal: Provide astragal for exterior in swinging 1-3/4-inch metal doors, of 9-3/8-inch x 1-
7 s6 `! E# e3 O! D0 w' ^0 A" z1/2-inch size with US 10 finish designed to prevent tampering of lock bolts from the exterior.
. `( U/ S7 k$ ^* N' @L. Flush Extension Bolt: Two point concealed automatic type for exit operation only with control, E+ ^2 ~& W6 s6 \5 c9 a  R: e
knob located on the inside, provided with top and bottom strikes, Underwriters Laboratories (UL)
: @( O' X- D3 T& G2 T4 h5 z$ c: I- \Listed, bronze components with 626 finish and designed for use on 1-3/4-inch thick hollow metal$ d9 g' v- c3 \. K0 N+ I' L) J# n
doors.
; D; t" Y2 d6 f
) q8 ?1 o6 E1 p6 X9 _/ U  G& U2.3 FINISHES- y" |2 @: T5 Z& V+ W1 U  u$ I3 `
A. All finishes hereinafter specified are "BHMA" numbers as specified by the "Building Hardware$ K0 u% g6 f2 }& R/ k% m. O
Manufacturer's Association".
  E0 {$ u% i" T9 ~1. 600 - Prime Coat. `! i- b* o3 p  k9 \1 T) E( z
2. 626 - Dull Chromium% S8 c- z! I1 s' S2 \
3. 629 - Bright Stainless Steel
. t( G1 {1 I: f/ a, O4. 630 - Satin Stainless Steel
* ?! R5 `7 t! i7 KB. All items not specified herein shall have BHMA 630 finish." x6 W; k$ x; n2 m: s, w! K
C. Locksets and Deadlocks shall have BHMA 630 finish.
/ c' C0 @- u& n2 YD. All hinges to have BHMA 630 finish
5 ~% m0 x4 L1 S6 b! RE. Kickplates, Push and Pulls to have BHMA 630 finish.
$ O4 L# c  w3 Q$ Q. y& U6 s& HF. Closer cover plates to have dull bronze lacquer finish.
5 n9 B& g9 O4 ~% l0 xG. Miscellaneous Finishes shall be as specified.
! W# Z/ G+ s) g! c: b" c" \8 X. t* T6 {
2.4 KEYING6 Y4 \6 H# ], h3 |( e& d- \6 y
A. To ensure full coordination with CITY's keying needs and requirements, all keying will be. k* q- |- s$ o# X; x2 O& K
determined after a conference with the ENGINEER, and such keying shall be designated in the
1 K% P' w& b- v  G1 x& t  RCONTRACTOR's hardware schedule by appropriate set of numbers opposite the respective
1 X  _0 l" J! t4 H8 b3 I: w1 Qdoors. Keys shall be positively identified for their respective locks and shall be delivered into the- p3 r( \) I9 a+ k* q/ F
hands of the ENGINEER upon completion of the work.
6 t6 T$ ?% f% a+ z2 M8 Q# X1. All locks and cylinders shall be labeled consecutively with the door number to correspond
! ?/ P5 R; k) n* X: f: ?6 owith change keys. All shipping tags shall be of approximate 2-inch X 3-inch size.$ Z5 S" {9 J% D  Q5 t, {" B! v! M
B. Keys:& o6 S# D* \* A- S9 m
1. All keys shall be nickel-silver large bow, plain both sides, (6 pin) stamped on one side9 N7 h' O+ E' I# ?- P  x
"CITY OF LOS ANGELES -DO NOT DUPLICATE".+ p7 W; R( W9 c5 ^  `8 s
2. CONTRACTOR shall furnish two (2) keys for keyed alike locks; two (2) keys for each keyed0 k4 Z$ F/ M5 m3 c8 ]
different locks, and six (6) grandmaster keys.! ^; P# A6 y) d) h6 E# _: U+ D  G
3. Lock manufacturer shall ship all keys including grandmaster, master, and change keys, via
' `) b4 }. |3 Q. p' CRegistered Mail directly to the ENGINEER. The keys shall be individually tagged and
/ I3 ~. g. h- v4 ridentified by door locations.
1 R/ A, {! T9 p5 P, J6 M& G! r4. At the time of change-over from construction lock cylinders to permanent lock cylinders,
3 @4 ?3 ?, `, M5 o, zthe INSPECTOR will check the permanent key operation with the in-place permanent lock) }) Q9 |7 Q. |7 C' q$ H! O
cylinders to assure proper operation of locks and keys.7 g* m3 o! e, ?) O, q/ H

) {( N" i( `  h, e8 ]8 y8 c2.5 HARDWARE SCHEDULE
, t! r: J/ S6 [A. The following hardware schedule is intended to represent the hardware required. Provide the4 l1 _4 m9 {' i  S- A( T  O4 q" Y  o
following hardware or their equal:+ u: N7 r( Z2 u' ~* q" m
$#4 Y) \) o/ ^7 ^4 M  Y0 h7 g
NTS: List quantity, description, manufacturer's detail and finish for hardware
) ?7 o' ]/ M& T/ s% p! h$ lapplicable to this project.
/ k3 Y! e% m9 ~5 f#$+ K3 W4 b  `2 s

) u. s9 }  D' E1 o9 _/ ~( s# N2.6 TEMPLATES
3 N3 Q3 D% J) n0 X4 HA. All hardware for metal doors and metal frames shall be fabricated to template. Templates, or9 N; I7 N/ s: @. f' X, R0 U5 `
physical hardware items, shall be furnished sufficiently in advance to avoid any work delay.; ]; m# `6 H) e% N* a4 M' p6 g8 W

' v2 N6 ?2 L- U) w5 L% w% @PART 3 -- EXECUTION+ }: r: k; p' X% j0 U$ p3 m

) N, T* d( ~% f! t9 D: ~, c3 k) K6 t0 [3.1 GENERAL# e+ y+ C  D; K& V$ _9 g6 x  r. j
A. During the construction period, the CONTRACTOR shall employ temporary construction lock7 s1 ~, Z: i, F/ X
cylinders with temporary construction keys on door locks in the project.9 a) H( Z$ ]$ J: j
B. Prior to completion of construction, and after final installation of hardware, the CONTRACTOR1 b% |) Q4 g$ ~1 n& a0 l
shall demonstrate to the ENGINEER that all items of operable hardware function properly, that7 w2 a& I2 O/ h4 |
doors swing smoothly, and that keys lock and unlock their respective doors.
, q% Q' R; O0 I! B4 {4 EC. At the time of completion of the facility, on direction of the ENGINEER, the CONTRACTOR shall; v0 X. }/ G' W% v% C' s
replace the construction lock cylinders with the permanent lock cylinders.
( e2 m9 j# E" |6 Q6 u( V6 TD. The CONTRACTOR, upon completion of the work herein, shall remove all oil, grease, or other
: U6 b! J% L3 {+ o2 asoiling from exposed surfaces of finish hardware and shall remove all cartons, wrappings, and- F5 b" p) K3 W$ `
other debris resulting from the work herein, and shall leave the facility in a neat, clean, and" c( J% o6 B# \- @" r8 k4 `! ]' s
acceptable condition subject to approval by the ENGINEER.0 o; u2 [; n$ t0 s. n
7 ~/ P" J. F1 y) |
3.2 INSTALLATION
, N. M. q% X; V, SA. All hardware shall be installed accurately and in accordance with manufacturer's instructions.
, w( q# D' g! ]" ^7 ZB. Hardware shall be securely tightened to develop full strength of components and provide for! _  l* r7 n! e. H
proper operation.
" v0 w; Q+ h+ {/ F7 c# \4 nC. Make work neat and secure.# Y$ @8 W+ t4 f7 f$ B2 }
D. Prevent marring, scratching, or otherwise damaging adjacent finishes during hardware& k  W4 Z4 J2 X3 r6 v
installation.
# {9 D& e6 z( n# n# TE. Latchbolts:5 w5 v! u  M2 X6 ^$ W" `
1. Install to engage in strikes automatically, whether activated by closers or manually.9 X# ^# k, |) r- Z9 C  ^- C
2. Additional manual pressure shall not be required to engage latchbolt in strike.; Q& V0 O8 W6 n& h+ l9 ~
F. Stops and Holders: Set to allow doors to open as far as possible.
) ]: {/ V& P$ ^+ o2 W9 f6 C/ e$ bG. Wall Mounted Hardware: Install over solid structural backing or solid blocking in hollow walls.
4 g, J3 T* c1 F1 B- rH. Thresholds:4 v( {5 b8 ^0 U5 V: [$ V
1. Cope ends neatly to profile of jamb.
' V7 v* ^( A) H2. Set in sealant and seal ends to jambs.
( F( R7 B0 c  R# |( b  n0 }I. Hardware: Adjust for easy, noise-free operation.
+ b" {, b/ ]. A3 o! lJ. Replace damaged hardware items.
. `6 X) r6 F  {% y7 A$ e2 [" ]
4 B& X' L; ?, K. f. ]* J3.3 PROTECTION; r9 M. q/ N' ~9 o( S# B
A. Cover and protect exposed surfaces of hardware during installation and until substantial+ K( f3 |8 D+ V" k1 \9 @
completion.  y* G. y/ w# d# H8 K* e- \
B. Fit, dismantle, and reinstall finish hardware as required for finish painting work.
; ^" M4 e1 H; }, U' l4 `! bC. Protect and prevent staining of hardware during construction in accordance with manufacturer's" x" Z, p) W* d" L( x
recommendations." z, d' d+ B; i) p0 ?+ a
D. Remove protective measures on permanent lock cylinders installed prior to final cleaning.- T. Q6 A! C* J% B8 ]7 @
* * * * * *
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-19 07:47:09 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
其实这都是常识,没有什么难的,确实可以减少好多漏洞,减少业主的风险,但是现行的体制下,工程师这么做了不但不能多挣钱,还赔进去好多时间,所以政府的监管职能应该强制执行,并且提高设计取费。做事情不能只讲少花钱。
发表于 2008-4-3 10:59:05 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国广东广州
国外设计充分尊重业主的要求。设计人员一般一直呆在工地现场进行协调服务和设计调整,所以前期的工作是框架性的,后期的工作比较多
发表于 2009-5-9 13:19:01 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国广东广州
又长见识了
发表于 2009-5-9 17:43:48 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国重庆
看来这国外还挺复杂了。
发表于 2009-5-16 20:13:58 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 越南
我在越南搞了一个大型生产线方面的项目,属于交钥匙项目,狗日的越南人搞的图纸花里胡哨的,实际用处太少,n多的工程制图人员,天天就知道开会,一个也不去现场看看,工程进度奇慢,图纸上的问题多多,建议以后有类似的项目最好我们提供全套的图纸,并且要收高价的规划设计费
发表于 2014-6-20 18:44:11 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国浙江宁波
犀利~学习了,但是比如美国这样的,人家搞软件多,土木最赚钱的就被拿走了
发表于 2022-6-17 09:12:52 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国福建宁德
大体上是一样的吧,都是建筑技术方面的,
6 `% u! ?# y$ T- P主要不同在于各国的文化、经济、风俗、政治等等
发表回复
您需要登录后才可以回帖 登录 | 注册

本版积分规则


Licensed Copyright © 2016-2020 http://www.3dportal.cn/ All Rights Reserved 京 ICP备13008828号

小黑屋|手机版|Archiver|三维网 ( 京ICP备2023026364号-1 )

快速回复 返回顶部 返回列表