QQ登录

只需一步,快速开始

登录 | 注册 | 找回密码

三维网

 找回密码
 注册

QQ登录

只需一步,快速开始

展开

通知     

查看: 8408|回复: 18
收起左侧

[讨论] 在国外搞建筑工程设计,哪些东西与国内不同?

[复制链接]
发表于 2008-3-14 07:56:30 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式 来自: 加拿大

马上注册,结识高手,享用更多资源,轻松玩转三维网社区。

您需要 登录 才可以下载或查看,没有帐号?注册

x
有朋友想了解国外是怎么搞建筑工程设计的吗?8 ^4 S$ l  n# A, \6 @
: i- B! D& [+ [
2 S. J$ |% x; T( b" x6 t
据本人观察,国内的设计院一般专业设置齐全,一个项目不出大门就能搞定。在国外一个专业,最多两个专业就是一个公司,一个项目要n个公司协作才能完成。边规划边协调,边协调边设计,边设计边施工,边施工边修改,边修改边调试,边调试边培训,边培训边验收。混乱但有秩序,低效但保质量。所以就造成了国外的图纸画的很好看,内容好像很多,但就我们关心焦点尺寸,少之又少。等到最后施工,这些东西都快协调800遍了,由施工人员"打哪指哪",哪里还有什么错、漏、碰、缺呀。大家可能注意到了,国外的图纸上有五花八门的声明,其目的就是尽量少负法律责任。要是真有脱不了干系的责任,就把板子打在那个在图纸上盖章的“注册工程师”身上,所以对于设计责任他最上心,不用三级校审也行。2 k' a4 k) s3 W2 f$ b# R0 s

5 U6 V" A9 W3 L6 z- y

) E6 e$ ~( H9 V* @) y3 }% U此贴抛砖引玉,以共享外国,外企网友的经验,为我国的工程建设领域借鉴。5 R" O3 i2 l, m, q3 B* ^2 w5 B

: `  ]$ x% \! T' L' _[ 本帖最后由 bafloow 于 2008-3-14 08:11 编辑 ]

评分

参与人数 1三维币 +5 收起 理由
et998866 + 5 论题有新意

查看全部评分

 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-15 09:06:21 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
贴一张图请大家看看(通风)

M-421 Part Layout.PDF

456.47 KB, 下载次数: 5

发表于 2008-3-16 10:43:42 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国河南安阳
国外也有总包与分包的关系吧。如果自己协调各分包商的关系是比较麻烦。

评分

参与人数 1三维币 +3 收起 理由
et998866 + 3 技术讨论

查看全部评分

 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-16 10:53:18 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大

比图纸还重要的设计文件 - Specification

多年以前,我们设计院接了个境外项目,当时北京的寰球在国际工程领域名气较大,所以我们就到他们那里取经。因为我国的大型化工装置均为进口,寰球的前身就是化工部第一设计院,他们在对外交往中比大多数设计院先行一步。他们告诉我们,设计文件除了图纸外,还有一个重要文件就是设备规格书,我们院给了它起了另外一个名子“工程规定”。化工装置的设备规格书好理解,建筑工程的规格书当时还真不知道是什么。最终费尽九牛二虎之力,闭门造车还是给写出了一个,好在那个项目后来黄了,否则丑就出大了。
- k4 Y( V( h" q5 Y0 J
, z& Q. J2 J# j, f7 a2 S- J2 r工程规定是何物?原来它在国外叫Specification,是由专门的组织编写的,然后以政府级高度被采用,内容涉及对工程所有环节的详细要求,远非一个设计院的能力所能及。这个指导性文件,基本上是检验教训和打官司打出的产物,有了这个东西作为工程的指导,即使设计人员自己本身经验不丰富,工程质量也不大会有大问题,参与各方也不会有大纠纷。我国的那种行业的“施工及验收规范”还是比不上这个Specification

评分

参与人数 1三维币 +5 收起 理由
et998866 + 5 技术讨论

查看全部评分

 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-16 11:02:32 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
原帖由 wanyeqing2003 于 2008-3-16 10:43 发表 http://www.3dportal.cn/discuz/images/common/back.gif7 F, i- L5 d" e0 A/ y& x
国外也有总包与分包的关系吧。如果自己协调各分包商的关系是比较麻烦。

, `0 Q! |# k. _/ V2 A, N国外的分包商多如牛毛,协调是个大问题,文件中出现最多的词就是coordination。上贴所说的Specification就有很多协调方面的要求,设计人员也有这方面的职责。
发表于 2008-3-16 19:38:22 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国河南洛阳
国际上有专门承包合同,规定了承包方的各种职责,权利和义务。) p) R9 a2 x- ~. N3 r
我们业主和承包方往往不了解其中的内容,所以比较费劲。
1 v2 Z  d! k6 _' D9 s) ?8 O8 {  i# I  Y
具体内容可以参考下面的网页:5 q8 h# z& t& s# y( }! M9 @
http://www.tb-lawyer.com/Article_Special.asp?SpecialID=1
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-16 20:32:48 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
FIDIC太庞大了,美国,加拿大的MasterFormat被广泛采用于日常的建筑工程当中,各设计单位还要根据工程的具体情况作补充修改,作为设计文件与图纸一起发布。在施工之前设计人员还要根据specification的要求,审核施工承包商,或设备材料供货商所提供的解决方案是否合理,设备材料是否符合要求的等等,承包商的偷工减料在这个环节中被杜绝。
发表于 2008-3-16 21:01:11 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国河南洛阳
有了FIDIC合同,还需要有这方面知识的人员来执行。5 d+ }" E  D) T% Y& g- T

3 [' U) n) T, m" ^4 [' p工程中除了甲方代表外,还有监理可以协助开展工作。
7 E4 r1 f1 F% O4 @2 h+ h; f7 T! h# Y: h2 m6 a2 `% J! X7 q% }
[ 本帖最后由 wanyeqing2003 于 2008-3-18 07:58 编辑 ]
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-18 07:40:50 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
以下是一个实际工程的spec. (建筑设备)内容目录 15000.tableofcontents.pdf (10.72 KB, 下载次数: 2)
发表于 2008-3-18 10:54:37 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国北京
呵呵~~国际项目确实不一样!
: D( @. o2 N  w经常见到的文件有以下几种:
5 {1 Y$ q# G, l/ ~- pspecification(说明书),calculation (计算书),MATERIAL REQUISITION,datasheet,Technical Enquiry,MATERIAL TAKE-OFF....... x- d( i( H' W  l  ~
那个specification最难弄,把各方面都必须写得很清楚,每句话最好都要按照标准里要求那样写!其他的文件都好说!
6 Q3 Q7 k. A1 J; C5 O& Q4 Z" A) l+ ?: Q8 X; O
下面给大家一个阴极保护方面的specification的目录看看!
* h$ n8 A8 V" D4 h/ p: B8 M% q3 u
! k4 ^  Y% X( \2 I" O8 |INDEX
# f/ a: m; f4 L1 X# D% `1.0 SCOPE. # e- m- j* L" }* N- ^: I
1.1 General.
1 p! g+ `9 m: {, {3 N% V4 I1.2 Definitions.
. H$ z1 y, u0 ~2.0 CODES, REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS. 8 i) _; G2 `. e1 g5 Q9 K' }
2.1Codes, Regulations and Standards. 0 r9 n4 V0 \% @3 a3 I; N( a( \
3.0 CLIMATIC CONDITIONS.
- C, x! b) K9 l) d1 G: G4.0 BASIC DATA..
$ e3 f, s+ Q! @7 d8 E4.1 Design Life.
# w2 j0 ~1 n( ~2 k" E# d0 e4.2 Cathodic Protection Potential.
/ K8 e* G  q4 C- ^3 N, _4 v4.3 Protection Current Density..
' j+ F7 e( d+ O4 V! z, I4.4 Energy..
: |0 S: G! U+ x% z& {) [4.5 Test Posts. * j, G! e( n5 K/ ^+ l4 Y: J4 U& ^9 d- ?
4.6 Insulating Joint..
# T& {( Y  F& ^2 f. p4 S( s2 ^. V4.7 Effect of Electric Line.
. X/ M3 `3 h$ u& O# t% B1 a: Q4.8 TemporaryCathodic Protection.. 8 l  k* `5 U! d* f# V- f9 d
5.0 DESIGN CRITERIA..
3 \0 q6 E+ ]- W$ e3 ?5.1 Mode of Cathodic Protection..
# n- [2 B/ y/ L5.2 Transformer Rectifier..
( _% w0 J: q% i  {$ r" E2 t$ c5.3 Anodes. - z+ l' z3 e/ k! O. J4 H
5.4 Carbonaceous Backfill.
) M& E0 g, G" q1 j4 ?. `5 I; C5.5 Anode Junction Box.. " Y$ G- f  a& C! Z: I
5.6 Test Post and Permanent Reference Electrodes. 9 X4 g/ T# {' H3 f+ K
5.7 Cables.
" G9 q& a6 H) d1 b8 _$ {0 S5.8 Permanent Reference Cell. ) F5 L$ k3 C+ W5 a+ z% d" p
5.9 Groundbed.. 1 X. Y( ~* _" g3 {3 b) H
5.10 Pipeline GroundingSystem... 5 R$ E1 l  x8 V& h3 |0 C. {
5.11 Casing Pipe Cathodic Protection System... $ R) M6 y* f% j2 t2 s" k
6.0 TEST OF CORROSION PROTECTION SYSTEM... ! ~6 L( b/ U/ L2 b8 n$ t/ K
7.0 INSTALLATION.. 9 Y, i( l; f# ~. H2 R
8.0 COMMISSIONING TESTS. 1 X: U& ~0 Q4 a' l) w: G
9.0 OPERATION & MAINTENANCE.
% R1 R6 v0 ]! Y* e; R1 i7 K! u% J10.0 SPARE PARTS.
8 K. K+ o7 ^' v7 _- U. |& g6 y' b7 K4 A& _* N' @/ f
[ 本帖最后由 zxs1221 于 2008-3-18 10:59 编辑 ]
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-19 07:29:15 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大

Specification -- 内墙的施工,供货,和提交的文件要求-1

[WASTEWATER MASTER SPECIFICATION] FINISH HARDWARD+ ]3 z& y% ^5 j- H/ U- C- ?( @% m
[PROJECT TITLE] 08710-1
& X4 i( ~3 Y7 W5 O$ j% a8 |9 QSECTION 08710, G, S1 k$ Z8 U) {1 }& B) z) g
FINISH HARDWARE/ W% g* s! a3 g0 `' v% Q" A, y
$#
0 T6 }! ], C( P! fNTS: This specification section requires careful review by the specifier. The specifier& C& ^. }: F# [2 c) F9 g/ C
is required to modify the section according to the requirements of the project.1 Q; _/ y: K/ T' t
Brackets indicate items to be checked, completed, edited, selected, or filled in.- w6 t, p) s. g* x' b6 j
NTS notations and brackets should be removed in the final printing.
# X' Q4 O- {. j0 r#$0 X, e) j% l/ g+ g. c! Z) U
PART 1 -- GENERAL
0 R2 }- f0 K4 ^& d: D) G$ i. {% V7 s" @. G  Y  C4 j
1.1 THE REQUIREMENT6 @4 x7 N  l5 o
A. The Contractor shall furnish all tools, equipment, materials, supplies and manufactured items,2 T7 h' D4 s0 ?0 ^3 N" [
and shall perform all labor required to furnish and install, complete, finish hardware as indicated
6 ^! _, u4 L! }* k. P; T! z3 |on the Drawings and specified herein.
6 _' n" I, \( f' l1 d, q  U5 n8 `/ \# G
1.2 RELATED WORK SPECIFIED ELSEWHERE
8 l9 M' B; {# N9 aA. Section [02830] Chain Link Fences and Gates.8 M6 ?5 x; _9 O* Q( w2 j
B. Section [05500] Miscellaneous Metalwork.
, Q5 e- W0 h4 K4 ZC. Section [06100] Rough Carpentry.' e# _  Z" W* g& ]: {- B: J- R
D. Section [06200] Finish Carpentry and Millwork.
: k2 v4 K, r4 DE. Section [08360] Overhead Doors.
+ a# V9 t' O. \5 qF. Section [08410] Aluminum Entrance and Storefronts.
5 {. P; w% {8 T! M) a- O% TG. Section [10160] Metal Toilet Partitions.
2 A5 F. ]4 f2 O& B5 p% T" tH. Section [10500] Metal Lockers.
8 |; x' \/ h8 Z( `5 g5 _' P
2 z6 E6 f. g/ b& Y  D, {$ z1.3 REFERENCE SPECIFICATIONS, CODES AND STANDARDS$ W' |5 A" s1 p" s' |$ i6 H& [1 ^
A. Comply with the reference specifications of the GENERAL REQUIREMENTS.
: t, w# E4 ^+ h# _- iB. Comply with the current provisions of the following Codes and Standards.  x( ~; W# [4 m2 S+ W1 E
1. Commercial Standards:" Z$ }5 H- j, T6 z( ?$ s
Underwriter's Laboratories, Inc. requirements and approvals., a9 A' c, C; ^
Hardware Institute (DHI) Recommended Procedure for Processing Hardware
6 K4 e; D5 X% t; y/ N3 m) lSchedules and Templates and Architectural Hardware- i" b1 }$ C/ }  {
Scheduling and Format.
7 X. q& D- X) VBHMA Builders' Hardware Manufacturers' Association, t! B7 D' ^8 w, {. x+ U
2. Manufacturers' Standards: In addition to the standards listed above, the finish hardware
  |- u; w. R9 Q$ \" y8 s% iand its installation shall be in accordance with the manufacturers' published& |. Y* Y4 d0 ~
recommendations and specifications.
* \  D% b* q& J& Q2 y6 `6 ^, h) b! `% r7 l$ l: E! A4 {
1.4 CONTRACTOR SUBMITTALS" @* e, K& [7 K* r. B
A. Submittals shall be made in accordance with the GENERAL REQUIREMENTS.
5 L3 f! Z" z; A( z2 |B. The following submittals and specific information shall be provided.
9 s9 X$ j+ d" }1. Samples: The samples of all items requested by the ENGINEER shall be furnished by the' _# E5 D$ n3 W
hardware supplier no later than [10] days after said request is received.$ w$ \' i3 R6 _/ y  u$ o
2. Manufacturer's information: The CONTRACTOR shall submit a complete detailed
; s" k* ], k' q$ ehardware list and a schdule along with manufacturer's literature on each item for approval.. I* Q9 ?+ g# ~" ~" j( h
No hardware shall be delivered until the hardware schedule has been approved by the( b% D; C/ X: {; o  [
ENGINEER.
9 |9 {) N& J% G) t3 S3. The hardware schedule submitted by the CONTRACTOR shall list the actual product series
$ T& B2 `9 f9 i- s# o6 ?numbers. Manufacturer's catalog requirements for actual size of door closers, brackets,. r) h9 n8 w. N. `
and holders shall be observed. All door sizes shall be noted on the hardware schedule and2 c/ ?6 Z4 t' E! H" ^, R
all hardware shall be in strict accordance with height, width, and thickness requirements.
4 \) K& P" D" [6 p, }$ z4. The schedule shall indicate groups, type, manufacturer's name, catalog number, location,
1 F6 B( N2 j9 L/ `) `and finish of each item to be provided, all in accordance with the DHI "Architectural
5 _) }6 a) ?$ H! T, C# \* {6 IHardware Scheduling Sequence and Format".3 N. C' s3 N8 B; U3 z  ~( u4 c
5. The schedule shall also include a complete template list showing template references and. k3 i8 x+ P; C  k* M* H: t
data for each item requiring preparation of metal doors and frames.
! o/ l; }+ s. d( q% z, Z1 q6. Hardware for aluminum doors may be included in a separate section of the schedule.- `) h/ v8 d2 l, U5 W- u4 |2 Q

& U# Q0 X! _) F8 w1 b' l7 u1.5 QUALITY ASSURANCE2 P, \( }# @5 N8 z
A. Manufacturer's product names, numbers, and models are given herein for the purpose of
1 v) e  H" \) j* a) t% W$ {8 H1 Dindicating the requirements for the type, general construction, material and operation of the# e+ j- l3 u# \' [
specific item, not with the intention of limiting the item to the manufacturer's listed product.% t9 a. [6 t9 }+ R9 K# [
Substitution of another manufacturer's product that is fully equivalent in all respects may be' f* K" E; Y" Q" ~! e, X: F
made subject to the approval of the ENGINEER. It shall be the CONTRACTOR's responsibility; j* C  ]3 j- O( }# R0 O
to supply detailed and complete data to the ENGINEER as required to facilitate appropriate/ y1 \! V$ y# g/ A1 V9 p0 ?7 h/ }
evaluation of all proposed substitute items.
0 y- ^$ Z3 K; e) |1.6 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING2 X3 W; b6 F. f2 G) A: Y/ H
A. Except where otherwise specified all hardware shall be delivered to the jobsite.
; h( V" y1 p9 C5 TB. Each unit of hardware specified herein shall be individually packaged complete with fastenings; g, X( J8 s( f5 ]
and all appurtenances. Each package shall be clearly marked on the outside to indicate its
+ Z  O- \- w7 }4 u3 Fcontents and its specific location in the work, and shall be identified by its related number from
6 z7 r9 f  p6 _$ ?the reviewed hardware list.
5 b5 {% s) o2 P3 n$ u9 aC. Contractor shall store hardware in a safe place at the jobsite where directed by the ENGINEER
5 t, f6 J: }) O& j: _! Yto prevent loss or damage until installation.
6 |4 X% m0 J/ P, J9 y# I$ d- `0 [" A( {7 g- Q: ^
[ 本帖最后由 bafloow 于 2008-3-19 07:30 编辑 ]
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-19 07:34:28 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
PART 2 -- PRODUCTS
6 j  ~" s, l3 N1 E9 e" |/ y3 w0 q
" n; p& X, _) o. l1 `% C. z2.1 GENERAL
% P2 u9 z' K0 D: B  f7 ^A. Manufacturer's product names, numbers and models given herein are for the purpose of9 C6 R( W: a/ s- [
indicating the basic requirements for type, construction, material, operation, durability and2 W0 S0 R# s" _5 W7 y; T8 b/ Q
functional adequacy of the specific item. Substitution of another manufacturer's product that is+ E2 ~# @1 S7 l$ _3 h
fully equivalent in all respects will be made subject to the approval of the ENGINEER.
1 a+ |+ g5 Y/ ?! b# q; ?B. Provide end products of one manufacturer for each item in order to achieve standardization for: |+ x0 w& e" u" d# v$ ~
appearance, maintenance, and replacement.
* ~; L% k: j5 n6 eC. When deemed necessary for product evaluation prior to review, the ENGINEER may require' V6 x! N' P0 j* j  k
submittal of full size standard production units for inspection and check. Such samples will be
  _- C2 F9 Z3 {. o2 Creturned to the Contractor and may be installed on the project if identified for location in
# M% K- n7 I' k0 P' p0 xconformance with specified requirements.& m/ Q! a2 E% D6 ~$ e9 N
D. Contractor shall check kinds and quantities of hardware products to determine conditions," ~) z: a$ X: Z
completeness, and conformance to the Specifications.- D8 k$ S# m& U/ d$ k3 \
# g$ D+ Z/ q& z1 n2 v- ~* g" V
2.2 PRODUCT TYPES  p& O1 V# O/ N; v: P& o
A. Locks and Latches: All locks shall be security type with 6-pin cylinders having stainless steel
+ q. w+ g# w( Q% a$ Gmechanism for all exterior hollow metal doors.* r9 k4 j% S# A7 L) d
B. Lock Uniformity: Except as otherwise specified, Contractor shall furnish locksets, cylinders, and
& Z# i, a+ U- v" {( B9 tcomponent parts as hereinbefore specified, by one manufacturer.! q+ H  G* h' b9 ?
C. Lock Strikes: Shall be boxed type with curved tip of sufficient length to protect trim and/or jamb.8 Z1 c6 K2 i) P0 u3 ]- H; l
Lock strikes shall be delivered to the jobsite with the locksets.& G, u5 y' w7 H9 q. ~# E
D. Fasteners: Bolts, screws, fittings, and other fasteners, including soffit plates for door closers,
0 K2 R  u9 M* r4 w. W1 f- ]shall be provided for proper and secure attachment with specified hardware.
9 {3 ^/ ?) f% T+ Y: b: iE. Door Closers shall be full rack and pinion type with adjustable means of regulating closing speed,- e6 D- s; @: c) _
latching speed, back check, and with reduced spring power and shall be regular parallel arm type
1 N5 V* @6 I+ F5 t/ Uwith 90 degrees to 180 degrees hold open provisions.- V% Z1 P9 K7 `( ?# b! b" J
F. Door Swings: Door swings indicated on the Contract drawings are standard door swings. If a
1 t) _5 u$ K6 `9 p1 o9 e0 Sdoor hand is changed during Construction the Contractor shall make necessary changes in
9 U) h: _* b  o: s" hhardware at no additional expense to the CITY, subject to the approval of the ENGINEER.
2 P- v' c/ Z+ RG. Silencers shall be provided for all metal door frames; three for single doors, two for pairs of8 ?  N% [+ @- v
doors.
' H& ^" e1 a- y* s* GH. Door Butts shall be of proper width to clear trim and other features when door swings to2 k% Z1 u0 d4 X0 E1 c8 U' r
180 degrees and shall have oil-impregnated ball bearings.
4 s! B* _0 Q) x. D/ Y/ x- r1. Door 1-3/4-inch thick up to 7-feet 0-inch to have 1-1/2 pair of 4-1/2-inch X 4-1/2-inch butts.
' j( q+ }$ D: i! x: i' w1 o  Q1 O( q2. Exterior doors to have butts with oil-impregnated bearings.
# p% s3 U5 I/ q" S( N- c6 j3. Provide template hinges for use on metal door frames.8 w' ~% T( o8 h6 t5 }0 N  ~
I. Temporary Lock Cylinder: Contractor shall provide temporary lock cylinders with temporary$ C- u2 T/ o: o# I4 S- U
construction keys for door locks during the construction period.
! B* n5 ?/ `, e/ k( K4 v$ [$ LJ. Kickplates: 16-gauge stainless steel with edges beveled four (4)sides. Kickplates to be 10-; h- N# a4 _+ M" }
inches high x door width less 1-inch.$ ]9 w/ w5 a6 T
K. Lock Astragal: Provide astragal for exterior in swinging 1-3/4-inch metal doors, of 9-3/8-inch x 1-
6 R/ N* B4 D$ q' X6 `1/2-inch size with US 10 finish designed to prevent tampering of lock bolts from the exterior.
1 e8 o+ d3 v+ E: `  J+ _L. Flush Extension Bolt: Two point concealed automatic type for exit operation only with control1 k9 S2 c; k7 w: `2 R5 J+ Y
knob located on the inside, provided with top and bottom strikes, Underwriters Laboratories (UL)
. h5 |% a+ A/ h4 M) m" RListed, bronze components with 626 finish and designed for use on 1-3/4-inch thick hollow metal
; W! ~5 D$ [! |- E0 d; Cdoors.8 e/ |% R7 v3 [+ d

/ D8 G; m! s( I1 }2.3 FINISHES' R1 F% N& ?3 y% ~3 o9 j, Z
A. All finishes hereinafter specified are "BHMA" numbers as specified by the "Building Hardware; ]7 G5 x, B1 G, H+ ]
Manufacturer's Association".
7 ]. y* e5 W" B) D- g* n( r1. 600 - Prime Coat1 H1 @; D# i/ p  d( q* u
2. 626 - Dull Chromium
2 V( L, U, p$ A3. 629 - Bright Stainless Steel
' I; ^8 r+ Y" ~/ _1 p4. 630 - Satin Stainless Steel& h9 Y; m% H: h, G  W
B. All items not specified herein shall have BHMA 630 finish.
- ?8 w0 j, d4 I  }1 y/ B1 ?C. Locksets and Deadlocks shall have BHMA 630 finish.
% h/ K9 k9 S3 `9 BD. All hinges to have BHMA 630 finish
6 `; H, l1 {! @E. Kickplates, Push and Pulls to have BHMA 630 finish.; `! K; S. d- X" F
F. Closer cover plates to have dull bronze lacquer finish./ V  i6 n5 x4 v9 k% ?  s! I5 [9 Y
G. Miscellaneous Finishes shall be as specified.( U2 B6 ~0 ^$ y- P
, E$ J9 h5 T( o
2.4 KEYING
6 O( r2 s7 Q# T4 u" [* VA. To ensure full coordination with CITY's keying needs and requirements, all keying will be) }. b6 J# L0 U( ~3 ~' @( m/ c, Y# ~5 }3 i
determined after a conference with the ENGINEER, and such keying shall be designated in the
( U8 r3 M' T1 a6 tCONTRACTOR's hardware schedule by appropriate set of numbers opposite the respective+ I! d" D: M& Q3 ~2 M% n  h
doors. Keys shall be positively identified for their respective locks and shall be delivered into the2 N) G  y+ t3 N
hands of the ENGINEER upon completion of the work.
/ K8 D' ~6 y" {0 t  I0 P1. All locks and cylinders shall be labeled consecutively with the door number to correspond
2 l+ V( P5 q" z( f1 Pwith change keys. All shipping tags shall be of approximate 2-inch X 3-inch size.
! q. B% L, l" T' q- V. LB. Keys:
$ [6 h- }7 C* H# O7 \1. All keys shall be nickel-silver large bow, plain both sides, (6 pin) stamped on one side
* Q# [# S& I$ A6 N  ^& b* F"CITY OF LOS ANGELES -DO NOT DUPLICATE".) R& o5 \' e$ n$ G; Q" ?
2. CONTRACTOR shall furnish two (2) keys for keyed alike locks; two (2) keys for each keyed% W2 \' C. l7 n! a) F% W3 K
different locks, and six (6) grandmaster keys.3 W: A/ Z- ^8 }  f
3. Lock manufacturer shall ship all keys including grandmaster, master, and change keys, via$ N1 {# y( t- T
Registered Mail directly to the ENGINEER. The keys shall be individually tagged and
5 F7 \2 O+ g1 Pidentified by door locations.8 L$ p& |  F% e0 {0 K: q5 |
4. At the time of change-over from construction lock cylinders to permanent lock cylinders,* D2 }& O) {" b( _1 s, }
the INSPECTOR will check the permanent key operation with the in-place permanent lock; ?# M. Y& u* n; ~" @' i" t& q* Z
cylinders to assure proper operation of locks and keys.. a+ Q9 f5 M0 Y- k

% `0 Q9 v6 `5 e# R3 A2 |) [2.5 HARDWARE SCHEDULE- q; i0 ?/ M" v' L( @; \' @
A. The following hardware schedule is intended to represent the hardware required. Provide the
- k& S5 o' R- \& I! Ffollowing hardware or their equal:1 k# _. l. Q3 p3 W
$#; o" O  v' x7 p* E  W" B: v
NTS: List quantity, description, manufacturer's detail and finish for hardware
2 u! s6 t% q1 tapplicable to this project.1 H% p. A, p! D2 @) q/ @4 K
#$
. \1 w  n  q) }: \/ C* a" [  \8 H0 I9 l
2.6 TEMPLATES
; T; _7 Z( _! k& YA. All hardware for metal doors and metal frames shall be fabricated to template. Templates, or4 s5 F/ w9 a- s. h% M
physical hardware items, shall be furnished sufficiently in advance to avoid any work delay.
5 f3 G! p7 ?5 q4 r+ w* J$ L% g' b  j* Q( u# T- Z! Q% K
PART 3 -- EXECUTION0 K) d# s1 |7 H4 B9 T+ t' Q

: c4 U4 }/ v2 {+ _3.1 GENERAL
6 o" L+ O% S) JA. During the construction period, the CONTRACTOR shall employ temporary construction lock0 W$ w' U0 o, N7 _+ `# ~- Y
cylinders with temporary construction keys on door locks in the project., N2 o- t# o% [6 _
B. Prior to completion of construction, and after final installation of hardware, the CONTRACTOR
% \+ ]) \% d; }# j) j5 i' d* Qshall demonstrate to the ENGINEER that all items of operable hardware function properly, that  m$ Q4 ]& M4 j7 Q% G
doors swing smoothly, and that keys lock and unlock their respective doors.$ Q9 Y5 N" O, v2 F. M# ^/ G
C. At the time of completion of the facility, on direction of the ENGINEER, the CONTRACTOR shall
) \' `0 _; d) o* kreplace the construction lock cylinders with the permanent lock cylinders.) i( Z; i* E# t( e# ^' z
D. The CONTRACTOR, upon completion of the work herein, shall remove all oil, grease, or other. Y0 ^2 C4 a# s6 w; e. d. ~. p
soiling from exposed surfaces of finish hardware and shall remove all cartons, wrappings, and
; V0 v, c" F- i7 v6 zother debris resulting from the work herein, and shall leave the facility in a neat, clean, and
2 ]8 U4 q: t7 X% a: ], P$ racceptable condition subject to approval by the ENGINEER.; d7 i* a% |. W* ^% v
2 G5 G7 u# U2 d# P: i) I
3.2 INSTALLATION& ^* U/ @8 m7 ?9 e& F4 e
A. All hardware shall be installed accurately and in accordance with manufacturer's instructions.
5 ?) ]& r' r3 H' M  ]) SB. Hardware shall be securely tightened to develop full strength of components and provide for
: Q" V- E5 c# s3 K( b# }: a7 lproper operation.
/ x6 l$ [( b3 I5 H; ]C. Make work neat and secure.
( I& \! q5 I4 P  R1 ]D. Prevent marring, scratching, or otherwise damaging adjacent finishes during hardware
8 V1 X8 s% S, D+ y! i' r: zinstallation.
' h8 Q4 y+ B& U, c! t0 ?E. Latchbolts:
8 m+ _/ T( V- ~0 e/ C; p1. Install to engage in strikes automatically, whether activated by closers or manually.
6 N0 S% v5 {; ~6 t0 A. p2 }7 ~2. Additional manual pressure shall not be required to engage latchbolt in strike.% h* a& U2 p# I4 Y, o/ n$ i! ]
F. Stops and Holders: Set to allow doors to open as far as possible.0 y& Z8 I% \4 K1 t. y2 N* y" |; j% ~
G. Wall Mounted Hardware: Install over solid structural backing or solid blocking in hollow walls.
6 K  K; z+ ~; [0 kH. Thresholds:" ?3 p7 h6 \& J5 @2 i; o1 C; s- S
1. Cope ends neatly to profile of jamb.
+ d: h# C6 l/ [5 q$ l2. Set in sealant and seal ends to jambs.# A! K8 S  ~6 [, p2 V9 U
I. Hardware: Adjust for easy, noise-free operation.& b$ |: Q' ^1 t
J. Replace damaged hardware items.
, o& z. R, f* K7 l3 J2 L4 k
4 f' b! G0 p- t4 o* E3.3 PROTECTION/ |) M# G8 R( o
A. Cover and protect exposed surfaces of hardware during installation and until substantial0 q6 D& b$ {( T/ v  L" B0 \5 P( \
completion.0 e& g4 P" m. g6 F
B. Fit, dismantle, and reinstall finish hardware as required for finish painting work.& {: t  }# n; i  S2 I1 Y; o8 H# w
C. Protect and prevent staining of hardware during construction in accordance with manufacturer's
; n* G* X' X" U& ?9 G' xrecommendations.
7 n5 W) {2 ^5 x: L+ AD. Remove protective measures on permanent lock cylinders installed prior to final cleaning.( n# E$ h' R3 t1 P$ Q% b: k
* * * * * *
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-19 07:47:09 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
其实这都是常识,没有什么难的,确实可以减少好多漏洞,减少业主的风险,但是现行的体制下,工程师这么做了不但不能多挣钱,还赔进去好多时间,所以政府的监管职能应该强制执行,并且提高设计取费。做事情不能只讲少花钱。
发表于 2008-4-3 10:59:05 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国广东广州
国外设计充分尊重业主的要求。设计人员一般一直呆在工地现场进行协调服务和设计调整,所以前期的工作是框架性的,后期的工作比较多
发表于 2009-5-9 13:19:01 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国广东广州
又长见识了
发表于 2009-5-9 17:43:48 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国重庆
看来这国外还挺复杂了。
发表于 2009-5-16 20:13:58 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 越南
我在越南搞了一个大型生产线方面的项目,属于交钥匙项目,狗日的越南人搞的图纸花里胡哨的,实际用处太少,n多的工程制图人员,天天就知道开会,一个也不去现场看看,工程进度奇慢,图纸上的问题多多,建议以后有类似的项目最好我们提供全套的图纸,并且要收高价的规划设计费
发表于 2014-6-20 18:44:11 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国浙江宁波
犀利~学习了,但是比如美国这样的,人家搞软件多,土木最赚钱的就被拿走了
发表于 2022-6-17 09:12:52 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国福建宁德
大体上是一样的吧,都是建筑技术方面的,& d: n0 c5 ]  V
主要不同在于各国的文化、经济、风俗、政治等等
发表回复
您需要登录后才可以回帖 登录 | 注册

本版积分规则

Licensed Copyright © 2016-2020 http://www.3dportal.cn/ All Rights Reserved 京 ICP备13008828号

小黑屋|手机版|Archiver|三维网 ( 京ICP备2023026364号-1 )

快速回复 返回顶部 返回列表