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[讨论] 在国外搞建筑工程设计,哪些东西与国内不同?

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发表于 2008-3-14 07:56:30 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式 来自: 加拿大

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有朋友想了解国外是怎么搞建筑工程设计的吗?0 _' u; |& t' m8 I. g- l4 N
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2 |" r, \5 l1 U
据本人观察,国内的设计院一般专业设置齐全,一个项目不出大门就能搞定。在国外一个专业,最多两个专业就是一个公司,一个项目要n个公司协作才能完成。边规划边协调,边协调边设计,边设计边施工,边施工边修改,边修改边调试,边调试边培训,边培训边验收。混乱但有秩序,低效但保质量。所以就造成了国外的图纸画的很好看,内容好像很多,但就我们关心焦点尺寸,少之又少。等到最后施工,这些东西都快协调800遍了,由施工人员"打哪指哪",哪里还有什么错、漏、碰、缺呀。大家可能注意到了,国外的图纸上有五花八门的声明,其目的就是尽量少负法律责任。要是真有脱不了干系的责任,就把板子打在那个在图纸上盖章的“注册工程师”身上,所以对于设计责任他最上心,不用三级校审也行。
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5 s0 R; J2 X  S7 J  K$ ]此贴抛砖引玉,以共享外国,外企网友的经验,为我国的工程建设领域借鉴。
6 V) i4 x4 M* w& h2 q; N+ g- [7 X1 V% B
[ 本帖最后由 bafloow 于 2008-3-14 08:11 编辑 ]

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 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-15 09:06:21 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
贴一张图请大家看看(通风)

M-421 Part Layout.PDF

456.47 KB, 下载次数: 5

发表于 2008-3-16 10:43:42 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国河南安阳
国外也有总包与分包的关系吧。如果自己协调各分包商的关系是比较麻烦。

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 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-16 10:53:18 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大

比图纸还重要的设计文件 - Specification

多年以前,我们设计院接了个境外项目,当时北京的寰球在国际工程领域名气较大,所以我们就到他们那里取经。因为我国的大型化工装置均为进口,寰球的前身就是化工部第一设计院,他们在对外交往中比大多数设计院先行一步。他们告诉我们,设计文件除了图纸外,还有一个重要文件就是设备规格书,我们院给了它起了另外一个名子“工程规定”。化工装置的设备规格书好理解,建筑工程的规格书当时还真不知道是什么。最终费尽九牛二虎之力,闭门造车还是给写出了一个,好在那个项目后来黄了,否则丑就出大了。
1 G/ i: z# w1 y* Q& |6 y 4 b8 U* W! p: q" T
工程规定是何物?原来它在国外叫Specification,是由专门的组织编写的,然后以政府级高度被采用,内容涉及对工程所有环节的详细要求,远非一个设计院的能力所能及。这个指导性文件,基本上是检验教训和打官司打出的产物,有了这个东西作为工程的指导,即使设计人员自己本身经验不丰富,工程质量也不大会有大问题,参与各方也不会有大纠纷。我国的那种行业的“施工及验收规范”还是比不上这个Specification

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 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-16 11:02:32 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
原帖由 wanyeqing2003 于 2008-3-16 10:43 发表 http://www.3dportal.cn/discuz/images/common/back.gif
. U  Z. _4 A6 e4 E7 l5 Z$ ?8 }4 ^国外也有总包与分包的关系吧。如果自己协调各分包商的关系是比较麻烦。

0 b7 G  W: n3 F+ v9 C; O8 V# k国外的分包商多如牛毛,协调是个大问题,文件中出现最多的词就是coordination。上贴所说的Specification就有很多协调方面的要求,设计人员也有这方面的职责。
发表于 2008-3-16 19:38:22 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国河南洛阳
国际上有专门承包合同,规定了承包方的各种职责,权利和义务。
- t/ K* _  o% i" @( j我们业主和承包方往往不了解其中的内容,所以比较费劲。
/ s& @* `& H/ n$ L. z5 W8 I" p! d: ^8 \9 g9 ~
具体内容可以参考下面的网页:
% _* q% H9 S' R6 b2 R+ h- E& x0 @http://www.tb-lawyer.com/Article_Special.asp?SpecialID=1
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-16 20:32:48 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
FIDIC太庞大了,美国,加拿大的MasterFormat被广泛采用于日常的建筑工程当中,各设计单位还要根据工程的具体情况作补充修改,作为设计文件与图纸一起发布。在施工之前设计人员还要根据specification的要求,审核施工承包商,或设备材料供货商所提供的解决方案是否合理,设备材料是否符合要求的等等,承包商的偷工减料在这个环节中被杜绝。
发表于 2008-3-16 21:01:11 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国河南洛阳
有了FIDIC合同,还需要有这方面知识的人员来执行。4 [3 _2 B4 c8 @# X

  i2 R8 G- ^$ l+ R工程中除了甲方代表外,还有监理可以协助开展工作。$ W( u1 W- Y, _- {; A* J

6 ^; x2 `: F5 @8 I' N- }' D5 U[ 本帖最后由 wanyeqing2003 于 2008-3-18 07:58 编辑 ]
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-18 07:40:50 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
以下是一个实际工程的spec. (建筑设备)内容目录 15000.tableofcontents.pdf (10.72 KB, 下载次数: 2)
发表于 2008-3-18 10:54:37 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国北京
呵呵~~国际项目确实不一样!
6 h, o$ T  B5 [( R7 l经常见到的文件有以下几种:
" N8 X& T# f( ]specification(说明书),calculation (计算书),MATERIAL REQUISITION,datasheet,Technical Enquiry,MATERIAL TAKE-OFF......
" g  o3 k% L& y) p那个specification最难弄,把各方面都必须写得很清楚,每句话最好都要按照标准里要求那样写!其他的文件都好说!) U1 S: M2 Z4 I" v0 O4 _

4 i6 k- }# w+ z; I) v/ q0 ]下面给大家一个阴极保护方面的specification的目录看看!
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# y7 c  o2 a. R5 [INDEX
2 i( N6 X: _7 y% Z2 }, A1.0 SCOPE. 6 y! m2 ?6 n3 @5 a# h" R& G
1.1 General. / ?) c) E1 I0 W+ r* k; A, f$ W
1.2 Definitions. 4 S( }' x6 Y5 ]  o, v2 w0 f
2.0 CODES, REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS.
/ b$ c4 H! G: B2.1Codes, Regulations and Standards.
# X8 ]2 a- l; j+ ~5 u3.0 CLIMATIC CONDITIONS. - [: }6 ~& w# I
4.0 BASIC DATA.. : J0 _3 A* z; a( x0 F7 H6 K
4.1 Design Life.
8 M7 V* n1 t$ W- m, n, T4.2 Cathodic Protection Potential. : R+ P( W+ E/ }! G3 S# J
4.3 Protection Current Density..
$ W3 C# _% }2 ?% ]7 Q4.4 Energy.. 9 ~: k. d* q. l' \
4.5 Test Posts. " O; d) F) w" r% Y# {5 ~0 ]+ o
4.6 Insulating Joint..
& [$ A9 P, a* U! _& N; c5 E9 p9 o4.7 Effect of Electric Line. 0 r& @$ a. P6 F" y5 f0 S( X
4.8 TemporaryCathodic Protection.. / ~, h4 l0 M0 @  l! U
5.0 DESIGN CRITERIA..
/ Y# Z. R) g0 K& `4 G) _4 x5.1 Mode of Cathodic Protection..
  K; u* ^7 b+ M# a# t1 K* a5.2 Transformer Rectifier.. $ L5 Y6 |0 P; D5 ~' A: U( d3 I
5.3 Anodes.
0 m; @, N; h% Q: l8 i) C5.4 Carbonaceous Backfill. " ?# E1 K" o' ]6 ?1 O
5.5 Anode Junction Box.. % a; w/ W( j; F' X
5.6 Test Post and Permanent Reference Electrodes.
- R3 O* W! M$ k9 J, ]5.7 Cables.
, D9 o4 S: T) F9 n9 w5.8 Permanent Reference Cell.
- \0 y$ J+ g5 n! T5.9 Groundbed.. , _8 `3 @$ b* Y
5.10 Pipeline GroundingSystem... . `( j0 s( x  U0 L/ U/ C
5.11 Casing Pipe Cathodic Protection System... 2 f7 ~* _7 C. E
6.0 TEST OF CORROSION PROTECTION SYSTEM... ' R/ d3 E3 [1 |9 @) A; C
7.0 INSTALLATION.. 8 i: T7 W: c6 Q5 Y8 S
8.0 COMMISSIONING TESTS.   H) P" ?) _8 y* E/ ~
9.0 OPERATION & MAINTENANCE. 2 \# y& H  B# T5 A# t" g4 _
10.0 SPARE PARTS. % o. A- R# D- F5 o& t3 w6 I6 J- R
+ I2 ~9 G4 c7 Z) \3 I
[ 本帖最后由 zxs1221 于 2008-3-18 10:59 编辑 ]
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-19 07:29:15 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大

Specification -- 内墙的施工,供货,和提交的文件要求-1

[WASTEWATER MASTER SPECIFICATION] FINISH HARDWARD
( |$ |& b: E5 h7 A[PROJECT TITLE] 08710-1
! z) Z1 B3 R  F; r# w4 j. FSECTION 08710/ s% f. E8 s! r! V8 h# u# Q
FINISH HARDWARE0 B0 B: z3 k2 x! o
$#
* L$ g9 U3 l9 [1 E7 zNTS: This specification section requires careful review by the specifier. The specifier2 |- Z1 e1 j: d# k: ^$ R
is required to modify the section according to the requirements of the project.' C3 @. [! C( l; s
Brackets indicate items to be checked, completed, edited, selected, or filled in.
) x; n" M7 @+ Z! @0 L9 j' XNTS notations and brackets should be removed in the final printing.4 `. e  u5 ?) j2 W% h2 L
#$
4 T8 h- K) B. B, xPART 1 -- GENERAL3 j- V; y1 r( D- S- H
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1.1 THE REQUIREMENT
4 ?) ~8 ]( m* c, yA. The Contractor shall furnish all tools, equipment, materials, supplies and manufactured items,
  u) x- G( l+ b! B+ T0 z2 `7 cand shall perform all labor required to furnish and install, complete, finish hardware as indicated
1 B$ U- I4 a2 M+ ^! g& }on the Drawings and specified herein.+ }3 @8 Z' b. ^8 Z' b
5 s# W2 \" F3 K* A
1.2 RELATED WORK SPECIFIED ELSEWHERE
& {/ Q, v0 a8 f( |) j1 G, h, t; mA. Section [02830] Chain Link Fences and Gates.. q  a: t/ L2 p8 ?& H
B. Section [05500] Miscellaneous Metalwork." q! Y+ H7 v5 @: e6 s
C. Section [06100] Rough Carpentry.
0 H0 j8 w4 ^2 |% p. WD. Section [06200] Finish Carpentry and Millwork.+ P, N6 g$ ]3 q/ d' h4 ~9 u
E. Section [08360] Overhead Doors.% O4 a% B3 v6 J6 w; e  j
F. Section [08410] Aluminum Entrance and Storefronts.
6 A% e! P5 K  r/ ]+ j) y0 }. tG. Section [10160] Metal Toilet Partitions.
) J2 v. F: r: IH. Section [10500] Metal Lockers." v+ v% i# T- L. u1 \; P
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1.3 REFERENCE SPECIFICATIONS, CODES AND STANDARDS
, R8 X4 {0 }$ O) d% s, m5 h' GA. Comply with the reference specifications of the GENERAL REQUIREMENTS.+ S9 P1 r  r7 \' X/ x" f" m# r$ `, \
B. Comply with the current provisions of the following Codes and Standards.
/ w& ?. b+ i) [+ i- l: F1. Commercial Standards:3 o: x& E/ o; o4 |" b9 G4 m, x
Underwriter's Laboratories, Inc. requirements and approvals.
3 [* V1 i( \8 m  cHardware Institute (DHI) Recommended Procedure for Processing Hardware
" s( V+ b  N3 Y* BSchedules and Templates and Architectural Hardware
5 `3 |, k  f! t8 y$ Q" jScheduling and Format.1 }. }2 p2 c4 _* W" Z! g
BHMA Builders' Hardware Manufacturers' Association3 ~9 c% C3 S/ s9 e! f9 m
2. Manufacturers' Standards: In addition to the standards listed above, the finish hardware
5 u( o& o4 S+ a- r. `and its installation shall be in accordance with the manufacturers' published/ D* J7 Z; J: ?5 X$ l' s; y, l
recommendations and specifications.
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1.4 CONTRACTOR SUBMITTALS
( r! Q# G0 h" C  J. d: R: KA. Submittals shall be made in accordance with the GENERAL REQUIREMENTS.+ o( \- C. R7 v1 M+ V! x+ G. N
B. The following submittals and specific information shall be provided.
0 }( r/ f' R% i/ s. {1 q1. Samples: The samples of all items requested by the ENGINEER shall be furnished by the2 `' ?- x& V4 l3 o* j
hardware supplier no later than [10] days after said request is received.. T' r$ n/ l' Z2 U+ F1 C( r2 p
2. Manufacturer's information: The CONTRACTOR shall submit a complete detailed$ E# _# V: c! ?& t
hardware list and a schdule along with manufacturer's literature on each item for approval.( E1 y3 d. U4 _
No hardware shall be delivered until the hardware schedule has been approved by the% n0 {8 ]0 v! o. |5 ?
ENGINEER.
0 L& R3 b# o1 Z+ j7 l( H8 a+ [3. The hardware schedule submitted by the CONTRACTOR shall list the actual product series
- p- L. g. H# @numbers. Manufacturer's catalog requirements for actual size of door closers, brackets,  ?, J' ?: T9 \3 Q3 w
and holders shall be observed. All door sizes shall be noted on the hardware schedule and( o6 F, x- s5 N6 g
all hardware shall be in strict accordance with height, width, and thickness requirements.
  B) l4 G/ g; }' W- A1 n4. The schedule shall indicate groups, type, manufacturer's name, catalog number, location,8 s4 ]" Y. e# I5 x3 ?1 Z& e
and finish of each item to be provided, all in accordance with the DHI "Architectural
) C- z) R1 U) o3 v8 c; mHardware Scheduling Sequence and Format".
* {; G7 p" A1 k; G/ J( {5. The schedule shall also include a complete template list showing template references and
  R4 q) p: H) @0 ldata for each item requiring preparation of metal doors and frames.
5 M1 f+ n' w: M1 R* Z0 l' i! j% }6. Hardware for aluminum doors may be included in a separate section of the schedule.7 N# ^* g, S& h: p; [; r

: c# U/ b9 D* E! g; z& r2 [9 R1.5 QUALITY ASSURANCE
' [( ^+ O1 k; \2 j+ s1 fA. Manufacturer's product names, numbers, and models are given herein for the purpose of
3 M- `' }5 R4 eindicating the requirements for the type, general construction, material and operation of the
2 k& ~' U  G, Y3 h+ i4 [specific item, not with the intention of limiting the item to the manufacturer's listed product.7 x/ M( ?, Y' Z# L6 v
Substitution of another manufacturer's product that is fully equivalent in all respects may be/ c% R  V. k( `" x; H7 V" n$ Y
made subject to the approval of the ENGINEER. It shall be the CONTRACTOR's responsibility
' {8 K1 E$ H6 S% g: B/ Zto supply detailed and complete data to the ENGINEER as required to facilitate appropriate' n4 d, G* }3 E. d( a. L% U4 J
evaluation of all proposed substitute items.
& F: |- z- j  b" J; A3 T1.6 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING# f% h8 k: q: l% |& ^+ ^
A. Except where otherwise specified all hardware shall be delivered to the jobsite.
5 Y8 a0 c. U2 l9 v0 k0 qB. Each unit of hardware specified herein shall be individually packaged complete with fastenings
. l* P! ~# C3 g2 land all appurtenances. Each package shall be clearly marked on the outside to indicate its* q( Y% `: b. g+ \
contents and its specific location in the work, and shall be identified by its related number from
0 p0 F! C* `/ `  G# j% ?the reviewed hardware list.2 V: O6 t4 r+ w: B" Q! n$ U
C. Contractor shall store hardware in a safe place at the jobsite where directed by the ENGINEER
) I6 R3 a5 e1 p1 k. M: {- d% L  Zto prevent loss or damage until installation.2 c3 _/ d+ k% @9 F, z

% L# h) B# j  }# d[ 本帖最后由 bafloow 于 2008-3-19 07:30 编辑 ]
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-19 07:34:28 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
PART 2 -- PRODUCTS  W% h& l" p8 d

, }" ^6 E, z& P' h- o8 {5 b: y% s2.1 GENERAL9 ?" {. v; r# I* w$ v
A. Manufacturer's product names, numbers and models given herein are for the purpose of
* T, r0 i& E2 |indicating the basic requirements for type, construction, material, operation, durability and0 Y4 G$ }5 e% K/ r
functional adequacy of the specific item. Substitution of another manufacturer's product that is
0 X+ t" O7 i; E. H" g$ f: Ffully equivalent in all respects will be made subject to the approval of the ENGINEER.
- D7 g) _( W/ }& c$ H( PB. Provide end products of one manufacturer for each item in order to achieve standardization for
  A+ T: V/ j9 L+ G5 `" ~* Aappearance, maintenance, and replacement.6 Y+ K  F6 ]7 N- g2 M( G, \1 |, m
C. When deemed necessary for product evaluation prior to review, the ENGINEER may require: s" W6 Q6 |2 I/ }2 E* I
submittal of full size standard production units for inspection and check. Such samples will be
+ t# ]$ j& f3 G; Kreturned to the Contractor and may be installed on the project if identified for location in+ q/ ]; D8 k& }
conformance with specified requirements.
& m, c: P) k! q# mD. Contractor shall check kinds and quantities of hardware products to determine conditions,
; f/ O$ N5 @* D/ d; ?0 L, e: \$ @completeness, and conformance to the Specifications.
; P5 b# [4 D$ ?% i- q! W1 O& S
6 j) h) i. z; {2.2 PRODUCT TYPES
. c, s$ Y4 l- `A. Locks and Latches: All locks shall be security type with 6-pin cylinders having stainless steel& X% a! U. L' S  ?& F" R3 J
mechanism for all exterior hollow metal doors.' y7 D  P0 g3 s0 |- V; l4 {' p3 g
B. Lock Uniformity: Except as otherwise specified, Contractor shall furnish locksets, cylinders, and
& b) @; f' x5 y! [component parts as hereinbefore specified, by one manufacturer., a+ V5 c- V1 }; w
C. Lock Strikes: Shall be boxed type with curved tip of sufficient length to protect trim and/or jamb.! S( [6 ]; G- e3 |2 F: s* L0 }/ S$ t
Lock strikes shall be delivered to the jobsite with the locksets.9 i9 v% G- X0 b" v
D. Fasteners: Bolts, screws, fittings, and other fasteners, including soffit plates for door closers,
8 k9 I. v3 C' u; y5 _shall be provided for proper and secure attachment with specified hardware.
1 H4 F4 n& h7 \E. Door Closers shall be full rack and pinion type with adjustable means of regulating closing speed,
# j( [3 a' ]* R6 D9 F2 n, g0 flatching speed, back check, and with reduced spring power and shall be regular parallel arm type$ h9 j/ ?& I: B" g, ~" g  G) P
with 90 degrees to 180 degrees hold open provisions.1 A+ Y: H0 Z. \1 @8 J
F. Door Swings: Door swings indicated on the Contract drawings are standard door swings. If a
# y  D$ B1 W, F5 Ldoor hand is changed during Construction the Contractor shall make necessary changes in
; M: {8 r1 \1 Q1 B& zhardware at no additional expense to the CITY, subject to the approval of the ENGINEER./ ]% v5 M$ _& v, y  L- }+ N, B* T
G. Silencers shall be provided for all metal door frames; three for single doors, two for pairs of' u9 O5 _$ U- I/ z/ e1 u% a7 L
doors.
2 K: U+ D$ F4 V$ ]5 N3 d: oH. Door Butts shall be of proper width to clear trim and other features when door swings to
/ N& Q* [0 m3 c; C1 s5 h180 degrees and shall have oil-impregnated ball bearings.3 |) }% ]+ y3 H3 O/ I. `4 ~0 W
1. Door 1-3/4-inch thick up to 7-feet 0-inch to have 1-1/2 pair of 4-1/2-inch X 4-1/2-inch butts.9 O, m( u% Y4 I7 _" n
2. Exterior doors to have butts with oil-impregnated bearings.  A/ ~1 t: D2 D& a: V" Q
3. Provide template hinges for use on metal door frames.
# D' c; r8 j. e2 ?3 S& K8 ^2 U) KI. Temporary Lock Cylinder: Contractor shall provide temporary lock cylinders with temporary0 u8 S9 |; ~# e, Q6 @" ^/ V
construction keys for door locks during the construction period.! t3 E0 k7 L- C
J. Kickplates: 16-gauge stainless steel with edges beveled four (4)sides. Kickplates to be 10-# F( ]  K, C4 H+ v2 H
inches high x door width less 1-inch.
- }. b: S* d9 x5 s' sK. Lock Astragal: Provide astragal for exterior in swinging 1-3/4-inch metal doors, of 9-3/8-inch x 1-
% H% f2 u9 B* M3 t$ W) J/ P1/2-inch size with US 10 finish designed to prevent tampering of lock bolts from the exterior.
% ~6 Y6 a+ t3 I4 [: l6 [L. Flush Extension Bolt: Two point concealed automatic type for exit operation only with control- i7 |/ c" v9 A) n3 ~: N3 H
knob located on the inside, provided with top and bottom strikes, Underwriters Laboratories (UL)3 s1 z3 C- G& K% k4 T
Listed, bronze components with 626 finish and designed for use on 1-3/4-inch thick hollow metal: s2 e$ `2 b! f1 D
doors.
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2.3 FINISHES- L7 a0 U7 A3 Q2 X" K* v
A. All finishes hereinafter specified are "BHMA" numbers as specified by the "Building Hardware2 |/ `0 _& K6 f% I& L4 c
Manufacturer's Association".* E8 @- v1 I3 E
1. 600 - Prime Coat! [  e8 L* V1 t+ E) x
2. 626 - Dull Chromium
/ R5 |' \5 n0 u7 l3. 629 - Bright Stainless Steel* m+ _" g! t% W8 W, h# |
4. 630 - Satin Stainless Steel# @( y- G8 M5 K  D' D
B. All items not specified herein shall have BHMA 630 finish.9 a$ ?6 f# W  j) P
C. Locksets and Deadlocks shall have BHMA 630 finish.
, r) Z- q  r* H$ m- E9 k& UD. All hinges to have BHMA 630 finish
, ^( l- X, [, E. }/ g+ _( rE. Kickplates, Push and Pulls to have BHMA 630 finish.
3 ^/ B3 i9 [1 w' ~F. Closer cover plates to have dull bronze lacquer finish.
: h( G1 Z% B+ c/ ^) eG. Miscellaneous Finishes shall be as specified.8 c/ |4 l) P* K# @7 m

9 ?$ `* Z, P/ s" L5 L3 m0 M3 H2.4 KEYING
( z+ H& ?% P# q! {/ u& `& X3 {( LA. To ensure full coordination with CITY's keying needs and requirements, all keying will be7 M! F; t/ y/ K$ M8 G
determined after a conference with the ENGINEER, and such keying shall be designated in the) ~' J" v" y& D: X( Z: t, ]7 d* s8 X8 ?; p
CONTRACTOR's hardware schedule by appropriate set of numbers opposite the respective
! N3 M' y5 n: P$ a7 idoors. Keys shall be positively identified for their respective locks and shall be delivered into the* s2 V9 E' |  C2 N# f3 ?" X
hands of the ENGINEER upon completion of the work.# y& y1 c' o( _( d
1. All locks and cylinders shall be labeled consecutively with the door number to correspond
) U% }5 v; K) e( g7 _4 m  v# e4 K8 rwith change keys. All shipping tags shall be of approximate 2-inch X 3-inch size.
/ Z! a! V: o% s7 Z4 H1 `# NB. Keys:0 ^9 b: d2 }4 W+ e- ]2 f
1. All keys shall be nickel-silver large bow, plain both sides, (6 pin) stamped on one side
. n/ W. n3 _. n9 K"CITY OF LOS ANGELES -DO NOT DUPLICATE".; ^( P. ~8 g8 t# y3 y
2. CONTRACTOR shall furnish two (2) keys for keyed alike locks; two (2) keys for each keyed
3 C  C2 _' M* A# Fdifferent locks, and six (6) grandmaster keys.
2 ]2 w9 P) p# B: {$ X( o, N! a( @6 O3. Lock manufacturer shall ship all keys including grandmaster, master, and change keys, via
; P  A, V" A5 ^* dRegistered Mail directly to the ENGINEER. The keys shall be individually tagged and
. v. Y. b  D. J% C' x: [+ Y' v/ Hidentified by door locations.
0 ?- Y) K9 {# ]9 W4. At the time of change-over from construction lock cylinders to permanent lock cylinders,
. b# G" d6 b/ T: H# C7 _the INSPECTOR will check the permanent key operation with the in-place permanent lock0 n3 a$ L2 y% k7 |0 Y. K2 C
cylinders to assure proper operation of locks and keys.
3 r- H; Y" \$ W1 S. f+ F2 M2 q) M! t9 W, ~  U. c, C+ c6 |
2.5 HARDWARE SCHEDULE! H$ |3 u9 t& F  Q0 @( {* _( y
A. The following hardware schedule is intended to represent the hardware required. Provide the/ v4 U: W/ b4 u* _& b$ \
following hardware or their equal:
) q- k! w3 [3 [! `" \& M$#% Q3 T  V( L8 t, G
NTS: List quantity, description, manufacturer's detail and finish for hardware9 q% u9 n, k5 z2 G% k/ V! U0 q
applicable to this project.- G1 ^5 J& Y7 ?. n  V
#$$ A1 l4 c/ d& F. P/ R

5 r$ z# {: `! c; O2.6 TEMPLATES3 s9 Z7 _7 ]/ Z5 ^# p6 l
A. All hardware for metal doors and metal frames shall be fabricated to template. Templates, or$ y) s% B' }  l% [, G, E2 c
physical hardware items, shall be furnished sufficiently in advance to avoid any work delay.
- B, t) I- {- N4 h1 U6 U6 k+ [# N6 A
PART 3 -- EXECUTION& P# |$ m1 m9 c3 g
3 a+ J$ O( A: D9 }
3.1 GENERAL
, ]& h  \+ t9 D/ q. MA. During the construction period, the CONTRACTOR shall employ temporary construction lock
" C. }+ \' F+ h( {, P9 T- fcylinders with temporary construction keys on door locks in the project.2 b6 n- _+ q; a- v) t$ P* ^
B. Prior to completion of construction, and after final installation of hardware, the CONTRACTOR. c- r  J2 p7 D) n, ?5 u8 a  }
shall demonstrate to the ENGINEER that all items of operable hardware function properly, that5 v- I6 [* S  i! k$ ~9 j
doors swing smoothly, and that keys lock and unlock their respective doors.- [9 O; U4 Y) P" A% u% U- f" L% h
C. At the time of completion of the facility, on direction of the ENGINEER, the CONTRACTOR shall
7 b2 i9 g0 ?# I; H0 p0 Yreplace the construction lock cylinders with the permanent lock cylinders.7 I, ~2 [6 y1 Q- b
D. The CONTRACTOR, upon completion of the work herein, shall remove all oil, grease, or other8 u. t2 y, K- _* S0 o* v
soiling from exposed surfaces of finish hardware and shall remove all cartons, wrappings, and3 ~$ |& z: y/ r
other debris resulting from the work herein, and shall leave the facility in a neat, clean, and$ Q. ^9 v+ V: n7 a4 a+ x: b
acceptable condition subject to approval by the ENGINEER.8 n4 T& ]8 \# J7 P0 v3 e, p7 R
  v9 E: F. s" o) x$ B" W
3.2 INSTALLATION
$ r4 x4 a% g! d0 j+ u7 _/ c3 x  gA. All hardware shall be installed accurately and in accordance with manufacturer's instructions.. ?) a9 ?$ W7 y. L2 K1 R
B. Hardware shall be securely tightened to develop full strength of components and provide for% u* g9 C; m, g: T) ^( z
proper operation.1 e+ f2 v: Z1 E% O6 G, E; Y
C. Make work neat and secure.
8 r; d4 m$ [5 ?8 o, @D. Prevent marring, scratching, or otherwise damaging adjacent finishes during hardware
: u) V8 A6 ~; l2 V7 _installation.: ?9 f5 w$ J8 M
E. Latchbolts:! n# @+ w& x: {# p4 K# l' R
1. Install to engage in strikes automatically, whether activated by closers or manually.
# W5 ^6 }, @3 {% j! t2. Additional manual pressure shall not be required to engage latchbolt in strike.
& {" [8 b% ~% }$ @4 F- OF. Stops and Holders: Set to allow doors to open as far as possible.
! c, v4 x0 y6 @" \2 lG. Wall Mounted Hardware: Install over solid structural backing or solid blocking in hollow walls.& K" c0 w% G+ H. J
H. Thresholds:
4 g2 G$ f3 k. }/ ~5 G. X1. Cope ends neatly to profile of jamb.. z* c& q4 L2 D* X
2. Set in sealant and seal ends to jambs.; V0 ~, X9 n+ a( W- Z  O& K
I. Hardware: Adjust for easy, noise-free operation.0 X2 b( t) t" |- a8 J
J. Replace damaged hardware items.
. V2 C$ Q. J# t' G, Y7 A
3 [$ Y9 @9 f4 d' d4 l3.3 PROTECTION
  Q. Y# y9 R3 s+ e+ cA. Cover and protect exposed surfaces of hardware during installation and until substantial. F' J& F) M5 X) R
completion.
# @) d1 F0 v" Y# U$ j3 s, kB. Fit, dismantle, and reinstall finish hardware as required for finish painting work.
* k+ b# j! G% o  f8 `) X! DC. Protect and prevent staining of hardware during construction in accordance with manufacturer's4 p- z* x  a$ y  O
recommendations.
2 x; R; ^: D  z! Q6 `# n8 N( JD. Remove protective measures on permanent lock cylinders installed prior to final cleaning.
' |: Y0 S0 `$ v7 d% k% |# N* * * * * *
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-19 07:47:09 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
其实这都是常识,没有什么难的,确实可以减少好多漏洞,减少业主的风险,但是现行的体制下,工程师这么做了不但不能多挣钱,还赔进去好多时间,所以政府的监管职能应该强制执行,并且提高设计取费。做事情不能只讲少花钱。
发表于 2008-4-3 10:59:05 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国广东广州
国外设计充分尊重业主的要求。设计人员一般一直呆在工地现场进行协调服务和设计调整,所以前期的工作是框架性的,后期的工作比较多
发表于 2009-5-9 13:19:01 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国广东广州
又长见识了
发表于 2009-5-9 17:43:48 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国重庆
看来这国外还挺复杂了。
发表于 2009-5-16 20:13:58 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 越南
我在越南搞了一个大型生产线方面的项目,属于交钥匙项目,狗日的越南人搞的图纸花里胡哨的,实际用处太少,n多的工程制图人员,天天就知道开会,一个也不去现场看看,工程进度奇慢,图纸上的问题多多,建议以后有类似的项目最好我们提供全套的图纸,并且要收高价的规划设计费
发表于 2014-6-20 18:44:11 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国浙江宁波
犀利~学习了,但是比如美国这样的,人家搞软件多,土木最赚钱的就被拿走了
发表于 2022-6-17 09:12:52 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国福建宁德
大体上是一样的吧,都是建筑技术方面的,6 _) R: i: h) r& S+ _7 k4 i0 F
主要不同在于各国的文化、经济、风俗、政治等等
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