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1. Introduction, _$ v" T" ]( E) | | k# {
Wind Energy Resources# O! z2 Q' ]+ a
1. Where does Wind Energy Come From?
) R: o: o; m( ~; [$ Y/ x2. The Coriolis Force, e$ `# R/ F1 b5 {, b: j1 j4 ?0 L, M
3. Global Winds
$ c; [ C1 Z7 X/ h1 R4. Geostrophic Wind
8 P4 j. P, R, j- n" z5. Local Winds: Sea Breezes
- {+ O; h- V' w4 m- k6. Local Winds: Mountain Winds) ]7 j/ }9 y/ `& i$ ]4 Q, A+ k f
7. The Energy in the Wind: Air Density and Rotor Area0 t- j( k) o e
8. Wind Turbines Deflect the Wind2 k! F2 [, `7 E; o0 z4 W
9. The Power of the Wind: Cube of Wind Speed2 Z) `0 W6 f9 u! v/ T# o
10. Wind Speed Measurement: Anemometers$ C& K# M) z {' a% _
11. Wind Speed Measurement in Practice
7 a k0 i' j( h9 _. B' c5 l- w12. The Wind Rose8 T1 B+ U3 A: Q/ [: B5 m$ }( Z1 Y( Y
13. Wind Rose Plotter Programme (requires Netscape 4, or IE 4)$ T1 q7 [2 w' m4 E( ^: U3 h
14. Roughness and Wind Shear) _, \% b* E' c V0 [) m5 H1 B6 c
15. Wind Speed Calculator (requires Netscape 3, 4, or IE 4)
4 N- D0 l0 x0 z4 K5 X16. Wind Shear and Escarpments, u% }1 y- @: |, O
17. The Roughness Rose
5 V( r7 E) ^/ O18. Wind Speed Variability4 @! `# X+ c1 \2 X, x
19. Turbulence
' [6 J7 M: c; @. J1 e& t$ n20. Wind Obstacles
2 ?7 A/ K+ J- }2 s* ^3 w) b21. Wind Shade
: M7 C) n6 o" g# E( b22. Guide to the Wind Shade Calculator
- X# f3 @* F. T, \+ p& a3 H% I23. Wind Shade Calculator (requires Netscape 3, 4, or IE 4)
4 l0 O5 P U: d9 A5 R4 C9 g3 f% }24. Wake Effect& T3 D/ s+ M: V1 Z% V1 l% S
25. Park Effect
, k; A; e4 L" y! |26. Speed Up Effects: Tunnel Effect o2 k3 H" j, \$ ^* U
27. Speed Up Effects: Hill Effect
/ b' _5 U. k5 S8 ^* v- ]28. Selecting a Wind Turbine Site
( _7 _7 J6 k2 x0 t A3 L$ I4 [29. Offshore Wind Conditions7 p5 _; {& @# [
30. Wind Map of Western Europe# B& |7 I8 s0 Z; r w1 s
31. Wind Map of Denmark6 S. c! K+ h! [. {2 v6 b
2.- X# T& Z% G: [8 I1 ]3 d
Computing Wind Turbine Energy Output1 ~8 K9 c; W9 J8 _! R; W! H
1. Describing Wind Variations: Weibull Distribution: E! q3 v/ o( a6 J7 h8 \% X+ N
2. Weibull Distribution Plotter Programme (requires Netscape& j# J* e4 X/ o) x: m& M3 F( A1 `1 v
3.- a. U5 P" D' s
3, 4, or IE 4)
" [' q, ^2 h4 _( N; u3. The Average Bottle Fallacy
+ y5 c: n O+ S+ }6 R4. Mean (Average) Power of the Wind# D) y. g- l& G* U. I/ _
5. Betz' Law
8 A0 y6 [* ?0 j6. Power Density Function
8 \9 [, V8 z+ j; Q& O7. Power Curve of a Wind Turbine( L, b* n/ L( W1 K0 q( P
8. The Power Coefficient8 m! u" ~8 y% z. F# R0 ?: ]0 a
9. Guide to the Wind Turbine Power Calculator
+ x6 K* i- ]& L8 I2 A2 }( ?Wind Turbine Power Calculator (requires Netscape 3, 4, or
+ P3 o$ F( i- w i; l! ?IE 4)6 q/ j0 y% B/ ~2 M: k
10.+ `# f* a% _# u& N- d) P; K! n
11. Annual Energy Output from a Wind Turbine- k0 J" G K: b) l( e
How Does a Wind Turbine Work?
- {. ~8 @3 [) }( k3 e1. Wind Turbine Components# o4 W- R% s0 T6 R
2. Aerodynamics of Wind Turbines - Lift
& d; V9 V4 \1 J. |' i3. Aerodynamics of Wind Turbines - Stall and Drag
/ m& W$ f; E8 K0 @7 t4. Adding Wind Speeds and Directions
: A+ ^, c. x1 Q7 i5. Rotor Aerodynamics
8 J1 K1 e7 h7 r/ G: _1 K$ ?6. Rotor Blades
* i ~# }- _" d* `7. Power Control of Wind Turbines
& ]: ]2 q8 x3 p7 a7 n9 A% P$ e+ m8. The Wind Turbine Yaw Mechanism
" G+ b$ O6 v+ \( d3 X; R9. Wind Turbine Towers: c$ v4 Y5 |) g( ^
10. Wind Turbine Generators
) B; H; ^/ n3 _11. Synchronous Generators
* | y; k. N. `" X7 o3 E9 G12. Changing Generator Rotational Speed
5 K0 P. X5 e9 x, _; }: m13. Asynchronous (Induction) Generators
* n( ?: f8 ?( `2 B" |# |* c14. Changing the Number of Generator Poles2 I$ E7 L6 N0 K( n
15. Variable Slip Generators for Wind Turbines0 ]/ Y# P( n4 J" s3 }
16. Indirect Grid Connection of Wind Turbines
- M5 {8 v+ q* ^ O9 C17. Gearboxes for Wind Turbines
4 x% t7 H, H0 B) Q18. The Electronic Wind Turbine Controller
5 k2 R" a: r" u. X+ _- | {2 m5 S19. Controlling Power Quality from Wind Turbines$ X6 }3 u. A( Y: W1 Q/ ?
20. Size of Wind Turbines! [2 x3 B4 N2 ~/ s; a+ @
21. Wind Turbine Safety
: K8 a: \( Y6 W1 s5 I22. Wind Turbine Occupational Safety
( L. s" m% d" ?% `4.! v* \$ p' E! T+ B" k" T: B
Designing Wind Turbines
4 U4 T( j4 _( a1. Basic Load Considerations9 O3 J4 K- i" x
2. Wind Turbines: Horizontal or Vertical Axis Machines?- [8 U1 ~$ E& e' n- R
3. Wind Turbines: Upwind or Downwind?- C4 o1 e1 y: r& T# {$ R% I
4. Wind Turbines: How Many Blades?
2 D5 t: Z/ P: O! e' r: d5. Optimising Wind Turbines
- P9 J* j* c. Y; l5 F' {6. Designing for Low Mechanical Noise from Wind Turbines4 d+ V- q1 Y9 v( D* L7 @; K
7. Designing for Low Aerodynamic Noise from Wind Turbines
, A% ^% w1 `# x+ g" Y) m5.; t4 J" [ i; S$ r- J" p, D
Manufacturing and Installing Wind Turbines
+ O" s- F0 Z0 _ r$ ]Manufacturing Wind Turbine Nacelles (QTVR panorama& c2 Y8 K4 y) i; {
requires QuickTime plugin)
. {5 s( z% ^; Z$ S5 ~0 Q2 ~2 j1.
' A. U" p H) c$ {2. Testing Wind Turbine Rotor Blades NEW$ o2 J, G b8 W i/ j6 `
3. Manufacturing Wind Turbine Towers7 Q K/ p* d& `! E
4. Welding Turbine Towers
- Q+ d& l. s* P4 t% g8 T5. Installing and Assembling Wind Turbine Towers
' C$ T$ O+ N$ d2 P9 h6.4 G. v4 J. @, q$ Z# P
Research and Development in Wind Energy
) _6 }7 S& r3 `. D9 h0 Y! J1. Research and Development in Wind Energy! X" r6 x% `0 a8 M: c) q' P0 w
2. Offshore Wind Power Research: n8 Q) m% n, N/ C) I# o. P
3. Offshore Wind Turbine Foundations
& [% |) u9 h/ ^7 ~( r, r4. Offshore Foundations: Traditional Concrete
1 S8 z2 `% R' P! `, Z# k5. Offshore Foundations: Gravitation + Steel
; ~ B( X* C7 {, E) {6. Offshore Foundations: Mono Pile7 |+ @$ r2 `3 Y
7. Offshore Foundations: Tripod
3 i/ c- c; G6 c4 g# a7 {0 Y7 H7.# d% o, _- @8 B& X7 {- v+ D7 T) r
Wind Turbines in the Electrical Grid! i$ A5 |5 f# `; }/ `3 |& @
1. Wind Energy Variations
% E2 S1 R( b ^% I, v2. Seasonal Variation in Wind Energy
& _" t, i' s6 F2 u0 E7 l) @3. Wind Turbines and Power Quality Issues7 I$ l# N& O* Z6 o4 t* E
4. Grid Connection of Offshore Wind Parks
# H! A0 T4 c* r% M8. A+ f( B, ]/ h' G
Wind Energy and the Environment. w) n- e; i* T+ e9 ^
1. Wind Turbines in the Landscape3 ]' q( L: e$ I. C9 l, t% y
2. Sound from Wind Turbines+ J% O% }* k8 M. m3 _; B
3. Measuring and Calculating Sound Levels
4 a8 _/ l& b( @ y+ v: ]) r6 [4. Sound Map Calculator (requires Netscape 3, 4, or IE 4)
0 ]9 h% k+ f$ O7 {( x. \) T3 pWind Turbine Sound Calculator (requires Netscape 3, 4, or# Y% _4 M* _, Y# h6 d: {$ E8 F' s
IE 4)0 y7 g4 `- F! y* Y; }5 z x
5.
' a& v& X# |2 y0 W; [: U1 f8 S$ B6. Energy Payback Period for Wind Turbines( L, ?% Y# \7 C* G
7. Birds and Wind Turbines% ^% s4 J; E E; Y# k
8. Birds and Offshore Wind Turbines
" y( [4 t W* |2 H( T# g9. Shadow Casting from Wind Turbines
; b) f7 ~8 L8 a9 U: K. L2 |8 Z% O10. Calculating Shadows from Wind Turbines
& D3 N; x, J, t8 s11. Refining Shadow Calculations for Wind Turbines" l1 W' t( k9 E0 {* k+ ^, |# l
12. Shadow Variations from Wind Turbines
3 H& B) Y$ v% q. A* }6 Y& |13. Guide to the Wind Turbine Shadow Calculator
/ ?5 u4 t/ m. u$ l, L9 S. TWind Turbine Shadow Calculator (requires Netscape 3, 4, or1 C8 V8 h) v% Q6 b& K
IE 4)
3 P5 p+ l# R |: r( t) G14.% a3 }( J: z5 r) W; c* _& ~
9.& t9 m/ t$ n5 H$ m; B
Wind Energy Economics- v+ i" ?8 L4 v+ T2 |( A n
1. What does a Wind Turbine Cost?$ p( U( j/ |# k- X; ?+ C4 h
2. Installation Costs for Wind Turbines) \; s) s! g& q N$ T. k& P0 c6 S
3. Operation and Maintenance Costs
2 Y! N* p9 d% a4. Income from Wind Turbines
8 V* C: e7 c0 @8 g' h ] m5. Wind Energy and Electrical Tariffs+ K, x% I; g2 R, d& R2 v7 [
6. Basic Economics of Investment
* w U8 \/ c+ u7. Wind Energy Economics( e# t) v2 d" G8 T2 R
8. Guide to the Wind Energy Economics Calculator' M$ x$ ?% \4 S
Wind Energy Economics Calculator (requires Netscape 3, 4,; C* M& ?/ X3 N2 ]3 f# R$ j
or IE 4) @3 t. V7 ]2 i# g& }
9.. X0 U# Z$ d$ h& y7 N
10. The Economics of Offshore Wind Energy
4 @/ X, H# a9 A L4 i11. Wind Energy and Employment- A, y; u! }1 l0 z
10. C7 C2 M) ~: l" L5 I4 _
Modern Wind Turbine History (Pictures)
. e0 z( h4 O+ M* U. f1. The Wind Energy Pioneer: Poul la Cour5 ~; K1 N3 s" p* `: O
2. The Wind Energy Pioneers - 1940-1950, ?0 q+ w) Q1 x2 `$ n ~
3. The Wind Energy Pioneers - The Gedser Wind Turbine
7 k3 p4 V8 Q; n/ ?! k4 I4. Wind Turbines From the 1980s
' F/ a, m. O2 c+ B5. The California Wind Rush
: U' f! Y) U& A2 h2 r6 ]5 l: m11.6 r8 F4 v# t( h% X
6. Modern Wind Turbines
% m$ j, ?! U( e: _4 s7. Offshore Wind Turbines6 d3 Y- T3 T. x! f
8. Megawatt-Sized Wind Turbines
0 [9 A3 _+ R/ R" U' \: K3 U9. Multi-Megawatt Wind Turbines( l; p! }6 B6 i
Wind Turbine Energy.rar
(1.67 MB, 下载次数: 25)
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发表于 2009-2-17 13:24:09