力值、硬度计量名词术语及定义

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目录
1力基（标/校）准机 ( )
1.1 力 ( Force) ( )
1.2 万有引力 (Universal gravitation) ( )
9 k' ?5 y! J3 \- T/ h9 [: R0 q1.3 重力 (gravity) ( )
1.4 弹性力 (elastica) ( )
2 Y! V8 n1 r5 M1 t. u( y! Q( q  E1.5 重力加速度 (gravity acceleration) ( )
1.6 牛顿 (Newton) ( )
1.7 力标准机 (force standard machine) ( )
+ _7 T4 F8 q* ~0 ]$ F: n1.8 力基准机 (primary force standard machine) ( )
1.9 力校准机 (force calibration machine) ( )
1.10 静重式力标准机 (deadweight force standard machine - DWM) ( )
1.11 杠杆式力标准机 (lever-amplification force standard machine - LM) ( )
1.12 液压式力标准机 (hydraulic-amplification force standard machine-HM) ( )
8 `. Y" X5 F; Y! I1.13 叠加式力标准机 (build-up force standard machine-BM) ( )
% l* o: A1 a# ]  a1.14 力比较机 (force comparator-FC) ( )
1.15 扭矩基准机 (primary standard torquer) ( )
1.16 扭矩校准机 (torque calibration machine) ( )
$ q) S/ @- o1 b1.17 静重式扭矩标准机 (deadweight torque standard machine - DTM) ( )
1.18 杠杆式扭矩标准机 (lever-amplification torque standard machine - LTM) ( )
1.19 串接式扭矩标准机 (serial-connection torquer -SCT) ( )
4 `, e2 D/ S5 ~% v1.20 测力式扭矩标准机 (torquer by mean of measuring force-TMF) ( )
1.21 扭矩校准杠杆（torque-calibration lever） ( )
1 N$ G7 w  n* C: s$ d6 O1.22 摆锤式冲击标准机 (pendulum impact standard machine) ( )
7 D1 p  q9 Q, r% t5 _5 ]$ R4 Z& U4 q3 o1.23 摆锤式冲击基准机 (pendulum impact primary standard machine) ( )
6 f% i8 S8 O  L9 S8 U1.24 力值不确定度 (force uncertainty) ( )
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1.25 力值重复性 (force repeatability) ( )
8 s, s: h9 O# k; I) h" n/ m1.26 力值示偏差（force indication deviation） ( )
1.27 力值范围 (force range) ( )
. f+ F9 u4 z! k* E7 i; ~8 ~1.28 力级 (force step) ( )
1.29 灵敏阈 (sensitivity threshold) ( )
; s9 Q. ]" G7 l% t% D1.30 寄生分量 (parasitic components) ( )
1.31 旋转效应 (rotation effect) ( )
1.32 重叠效应 (overlapping effect) ( )
1.33 力值直线度 (linearity of force) ( )
1.34 附加滞后 (additional hysteresis) ( )
5 r4 k: E2 L. ^+ z+ p4 }( n' d1.35 递增负荷 (increasing force) ( )
. I/ U) Y( t  J# f1.36 递减负荷 (decreasing force) ( )
1.37 逆负荷现象 (counter-force phenomenon) ( )
6 }2 R3 ?& B, t% F' b+ A1 N1.38 加荷时间 (period for loading) ( )
2 f/ u) ~' F3 a1.39 加荷速率 (loading rate) ( )
1.40 卸荷时间 (period for unloading) ( )
, x9 P8 w3 q% H% X1.41 卸荷速率 (unloading rate) ( )
1.42 砝码 (weight) ( )
1 q" `5 J- \! J! I1 Y3 Z4 u1.43 机架 (fixed framework) ( )
1.44 负荷机架 (loading frame) ( )
4 h5 ~  L8 {# \$ b# o% O6 J( T! I1.45 压力试台 (Platform for loading) ( )
1.46 提升架 (lifting frame) ( )
+ g; B% P. }' z: w! `$ n9 w1.47 加荷横梁 (beam for loading) ( )
. Q3 L  l6 J1 ]$ b1.48 压缩空间 (room for compression device) ( )
3 m* o7 y$ `  \& y, {8 }8 o! |' f1.49 拉伸空间 (room for tension device) ( )
1.50 反向器 (reverser) ( )
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; l  q) `& q. W! H8 [. @& l( I1.51 杠杆 (lever) ( )
, T8 |1 z) C+ W9 [( }0 w1.52 支点刀 (supporting-knife) ( )
) n4 |3 |. n& t) j1.53 重点刀 (weight-knife) ( )
1.54 力点刀 (force-knife) ( )
1.54 杠杆有效长度 (effective length of lever) ( )
3 m: T3 {- l  l' {; k& e* w" [  a1.55 杠杆比 (Lever amplification-ratio) ( )
1.56 直接加荷部分 (directly loading unit) ( )
: Q! j: y) V: k1.57 负荷放大部分 (main unit) ( )
1.58 比例活塞 (proportional piston) ( )
& }# I' ?5 _* w) P  j+ d6 s$ D1.59 比例油缸 (proportional cylinder) ( )
1.60 加荷活塞 (loading piston) ( )
. V; y, O3 A: w& m( Z, G9 U1.61 加荷油缸 (loading cylinder) ( )
# p) s+ Q1 O# S0 u- O1.62 放大比 (Amplification ratio) ( )
3 B: H( z4 r8 {3 \- B+ w: ^2 H1.63 活塞有效面积 (effective cross-area of piston) ( )
" z/ @. S9 h& H0 F# [* n1.64 油缸转速 (turn-speed of cylinder) ( )
1.65 油缸旋转线速度 (speed of cylinder) ( )
2 U8 G/ d: u0 p9 I. A2 [1.66 导向活塞 (guide-piston ( )
" H/ T0 X: z+ V: W1.67 最大压力 (maximum pressure) ( )
& p: u1 p( b5 T/ X) L$ Y& b1.68 负荷转换活塞 (piston for load relieving & pressure transmitting) ( )
/ l+ N/ P' S, q/ h& f% T1.69 负荷转换油缸 (cylinder for load relieving & pressure transmitting) ( )
1.70 同轴度 (coaxality) ( )
5 V  }$ g5 T& _1.71 几何同轴度 (geometric coaxality) ( )
1.72 受力同轴度 (coaxality with load) ( )
9 i' d6 H+ @; {; ~% e1 ?2 测力仪 ( )
9 ^0 R/ H2 w, {: K7 @2.1 测力仪 (dynamometer) ( )
1 y+ w9 q9 y8 N( f( p& q3 G2.2 标准测力仪 (standard dynamometer) ( )
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% ?, a7 d6 U1 P# m* Y2.3 弹性体 (elastic element) ( )
6 q% }9 i- T- q( e2.4 变形测量装置 (indicator of deflection) ( )
2.5 变形 (deformation) ( )
. t4 G" X& @$ T2.6 额定变形 (deflection under rated load) ( )
2.7 读数值 (reading) ( )
2.8 变形示值 (indication of deflection) ( )
6 j, k" j7 [0 z2.9 测力环 (proving ring) ( )
/ n/ d) E/ r' \2.10 压向测力仪 (compression dynamometer) ( )
- H  ?9 \" z/ W; u2.11 拉向测力仪 (tension dynamometer) ( )
2.12 双向测力仪 (tension & compression dynamometer) ( )
2.13 负荷 (load) ( )
2.14 静负荷 (static load) ( )
1 O$ t1 |1 O# }0 ~2.15 动负荷 (dynamic load) ( )
2.16 循环负荷 (cycle load) ( )
& R, b' R4 c3 _* k0 Z0 ~2.17 随机负荷 (random load) ( )
- Q8 A; t/ J3 E) V. j+ K# b2.18 冲击负荷 (impact load) ( )
- }3 V* e1 K6 ^8 S6 B+ \2.19 额定负荷 (rated load) ( )
2.20 最小负荷 (minimum load) ( )
2.21 负荷范围 (load range) ( )
2.22 预负荷 (preload) ( )
5 _' n6 F+ M) F5 R& R( X8 v$ G2.23 检定 (verification) ( )
+ |+ B% ?) `" \, v6 T: _- e2.24 定度 (calibration) ( )
2.25 进程定度 (increasing calibration) ( )
' e. b) m6 {' n5 H/ ^* P. O2.26 回程定度 (decreasing calibration) ( )
5 j5 ^9 m! k2 p5 [* n2 M8 H: ]4 @2.27 分度值 (division) ( )
; h" c8 N3 G8 J2.28 重复性 (repeatability) ( )
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# `$ I0 Z# M+ H- j" w2.29 滞后 (hysteresis) ( )
2.30 稳定度 (Long-term stability) ( )
2.31 温度修正系数 (coefficient for temperature correction) ( )
) w4 p* _! O: P, j1 Y% p0 a2.32 校准方程 (calibration equation) ( )
2.33 管形测力仪 (cylindric dynamometer) ( )
4 _& s3 ?) h1 ~, w& |7 u( j' U2.34 扭矩仪 (torque-meter) ( )
2.35 标准扭矩仪 (standard torque-meter) ( )
2.36 扭矩扳子 (Torque wrench) ( )
2.37 扭矩扳子检定/校准仪(Calibrator of torque wrench) ( )
1 Y' s+ n  j3 O+ \& \2.38 扭矩改锥 (Torque driver) ( )
2.39 扭矩改锥检定/校准仪(Calibrator of torque driver) ( )
. Y  i$ N  w" O! F6 E/ A2.40 测功机（Machine measuring power） ( )
) i" a6 e! c6 y0 R2.41 摆锤式冲击机检定标准装置 (standard equipment for calibration of pendulum
impact machine)
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0 W& ]+ l6 E2 C2 h" X' O! m2.42 标准冲击块 (standard impact blocks) ( )
3 负荷传感器 ( )
& y; Y! B' q9 b4 z: x$ |3 ?. P3.1 环境条件 (ambient conditions) ( )
; G6 [' L) N" p3 |3.2 环境温度 (ambient temperature) ( )
7 j: ^; D6 o) J* M! E3.3 使用环境条件 (ambient condition，operating) ( )
2 H- `% @; V0 B1 \% S& U/ V8 S- }' Z3.4 室内条件 (room condition) ( )
2 \) |: \+ I9 W) Q8 B' g1 K8 Z3.5 标准试验条件 (standard test condition) ( )
1 E0 V* I) S: i& m. |3.6 负荷传感器 (load cell) ( )
3.7 测力传感器 （Force transducer） ( )
3.9 扭矩传感器(Torque transducer) ( )
1 y8 ^. [, w$ k5 e3 V# a3.10 多分量传感器(Multi-component transducer) ( )
* y3 l+ k& R9 j, W6 u$ j3.11 参考传感器（组）(Reference transducer(s)) ( )
3.12 多分量校准系统（Calibration system for multi-component transducer） ( )
3.13 应变式负荷传感器 (strain gauge load cell) ( )
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7 l; n; U! Z! \8 E* ^2 H3.14 压电式负荷传感器 (piezoelectric load cell) ( )
3.15 压磁式负荷传感器 (magneto-elastic load cell) ( )
; }/ q5 m& q9 |( Z  d3.16 电感式负荷传感器 (inductive load cell) ( )
- O( m4 L/ P3 Y3.17 电容式负荷传感器 (capacitive load cell) ( )
3.18 压阻式负荷传感器 (piezoresistive load cell) ( )
3.19 敏感元件 (sensing element) ( )
% T1 J0 L/ ]! @! [% U: R3.20 主轴线 (primary axis) ( )
3.21 轴向负荷 (axial load) ( )
3.22 安全过负荷 (overload, safe) ( )
3.23 极限过负荷 (0verload, ultimate) ( )
  \) ]/ d5 R- h: C% a  r' a% S0 r  c3.24 侧向负荷 (side load) ( )
3.25 偏心负荷 (eccentric load) ( )
% X; n+ s$ O8 |; f3.26 同心倾斜负荷 (angular load，concentric) ( )
) W# [; I+ U3 t5 ?/ @) v" e% r3.27 偏心倾斜负荷 (angular load，eccentric) ( )
3.28 输出 (output) ( )
# I' o8 s# L) p% O& p3.29 额定输出 (rated output) ( )
8 g+ s+ T. i9 ?2 s3.30 零点输出 (zero output) ( )
/ ?; T" w  W/ u9 v3.31 过冲 (overshoot) ( )
+ a% J3 U" h7 U0 W4 X% l4 X+ ~; y3.32 校准 (calibration) ( )
% `' e9 }! W; z3.33 静态校准 (static calibration) ( )
& i3 {  L& w5 n: A* C8 {' E3.34 校准曲线 (calibration curve) ( )
3.35 工作直线 (operating line) ( )
8 R8 z& h5 ?- b; f$ ^3.36 端点直线 (end-point line) ( )
. ^( ?* `8 X- R3.37 端点平移直线 (end-point line，translation) ( )
3.38 最小二乘法直线 (least-squares line) ( )
3.39 灵敏度 (sensitivity) ( )
3.40 灵敏度允差 (tolerance，sensitivity) ( )
4 E) Q8 p9 j  u9 `6 Y: y3.41 不对称度 (un-symmetry) ( )
3.42 直线度 (linearity) ( )
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3.43 综合误差 (combined error) ( )
3.44 蠕变 (creep) ( )
5 h$ t: J, r# F: u8 D6 E3.45 蠕变恢复 (creep recovery) ( )
3.46 输入电阻 (input resistance) ( )
3.47 输出电阻 (output resistance) ( )
3.48 绝缘电阻 (insulation resistance) ( )
* o$ A9 I3 g+ z  A7 z" z3.49 激励 (excitation) ( )
& W1 Y8 {: V4 b  r4 S2 j$ y3.50 最大激励 (maximum excitation) ( )
3.51 补偿 (compensation) ( )
9 v1 I, X/ [4 W" j' O5 L6 R3.52 安全温度范围 (temperature range, safe) ( )
3.53 额定输出温度影响 (temperature effect on rated output) ( )
! ^5 c; B# ?; m- n0 M3.54 零点输出温度影响 (temperature effect on zero output) ( )
7 G2 w6 G2 m6 _! x; J) _0 x3.55 温度补偿范围 (Temperature range，compensation) ( )
3.56 预热时间 (warm-up period) ( )
( R  D+ i- R/ K3.57 稳定时间 (stabilization period) ( )
  p8 ^# |- ^3 u3.58 额定输出环境影响 (span instability) ( )
3.59 漂移 (drift) ( )
9 O  a  e. l: c6 N# ]3.60 灵敏度漂移 (sensitivity drift) ( )
+ ]9 x5 l( z+ U: {; }3.61 零点漂移 (zero drift) ( )
3.62 零点永久漂移 (Zero drift，permanent) ( )
2 R& u4 R5 C# o3.63 零点恢复 (zero return) ( )
( Z! l  n  q8 R3.64 零点环境影响 (zero instability) ( )
3.65 零点移动 (zero float) ( )
3.66 使用寿命 (Life，operating) ( )
5 h* ]1 t1 m# d- t# }/ |6 Y3.67 循环寿命 (Life，cycling) ( )
3.68 固有频率 (natural frequency) ( )
3.69 动态特性 (dynamic characteristics) ( )
* w: c2 ]  X7 x" g8 Y% j3.70 频率响应 (frequency response) ( )