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[分享] 力值、硬度计量名词术语及定义

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发表于 2007-1-22 11:47:57 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式 来自: 中国江苏苏州

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目录' I- u4 p" |$ z7 O0 E% q
1力基(标/校)准机 ( )' g% }: g% t* v( ^4 g
1.1 力 ( Force) ( )
/ q) R( U# @, B7 j* K3 ^1.2 万有引力 (Universal gravitation) ( )
9 N" Q. _0 H! I' H6 [* s1.3 重力 (gravity) ( )
8 F+ U5 v% B: V3 b- V1.4 弹性力 (elastica) ( )8 g2 V+ |( h+ M# a! b7 [! j, Z
1.5 重力加速度 (gravity acceleration) ( )* s: R  ~" f: J  i  Q2 N$ ]
1.6 牛顿 (Newton) ( )7 {6 P+ i4 q8 Q
1.7 力标准机 (force standard machine) ( )
  U  K0 w/ W% p) F; {1 w" {  ?* {1.8 力基准机 (primary force standard machine) ( ); z) ?/ e& ?$ Z/ e3 h0 L) P
1.9 力校准机 (force calibration machine) ( )
2 Q, e, N7 l7 ^: p8 g/ Q1.10 静重式力标准机 (deadweight force standard machine - DWM) ( ), O) j! l3 k2 _) A; ^
1.11 杠杆式力标准机 (lever-amplification force standard machine - LM) ( )! T- o- M( E9 s1 U$ o
1.12 液压式力标准机 (hydraulic-amplification force standard machine-HM) ( )) z$ s6 D% ]: N7 _- r% s+ n& L6 Y' N
1.13 叠加式力标准机 (build-up force standard machine-BM) ( )/ G, h9 v8 r; k
1.14 力比较机 (force comparator-FC) ( )
& `2 ~( K3 \1 h9 m( |; M1.15 扭矩基准机 (primary standard torquer) ( )1 u3 s2 ?2 i. P- J" d4 o+ i
1.16 扭矩校准机 (torque calibration machine) ( )/ M' [. I# R3 M+ n3 Y+ _, G  ?" A
1.17 静重式扭矩标准机 (deadweight torque standard machine - DTM) ( )
% I; D9 Z6 [! V$ `/ ?% x1.18 杠杆式扭矩标准机 (lever-amplification torque standard machine - LTM) ( )
  _3 {4 O7 A& i* f# e0 S1.19 串接式扭矩标准机 (serial-connection torquer -SCT) ( )
$ b! g9 g; z2 V4 h& s9 X- }" M1.20 测力式扭矩标准机 (torquer by mean of measuring force-TMF) ( )4 Q6 T& E! S5 r8 S9 _
1.21 扭矩校准杠杆(torque-calibration lever) ( )
$ t/ R! O& v4 a1.22 摆锤式冲击标准机 (pendulum impact standard machine) ( )3 k6 r/ ~' O, H: k7 O. Q0 p' J3 h
1.23 摆锤式冲击基准机 (pendulum impact primary standard machine) ( )
) A/ @7 p# N+ K# W* i1.24 力值不确定度 (force uncertainty) ( )% o0 C! u3 ]9 f, Y
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; G2 }% p3 F' k3 N5 M0 M( u3
5 o: n- o' }) x, D: ]* ?9 b1.25 力值重复性 (force repeatability) ( )0 W, P4 l  h0 a6 W
1.26 力值示偏差(force indication deviation) ( )+ z1 T( c5 r! w% U0 n) r
1.27 力值范围 (force range) ( ); j6 f7 z* L% O6 m1 B
1.28 力级 (force step) ( )% w0 C8 O$ G! l: @
1.29 灵敏阈 (sensitivity threshold) ( )
% p9 x8 S- R& _% F& J+ q1.30 寄生分量 (parasitic components) ( ); v# x9 C$ B; c1 L  U
1.31 旋转效应 (rotation effect) ( )' Y& H! q5 l+ Z1 I5 V  _% @) i
1.32 重叠效应 (overlapping effect) ( )
3 r% j' j" [4 ~, \5 ~) L) J1.33 力值直线度 (linearity of force) ( )) \* B! r! ~: F  B( p$ v
1.34 附加滞后 (additional hysteresis) ( )9 `# t* Q/ I; @+ |
1.35 递增负荷 (increasing force) ( )
' `3 a) y' J0 [1.36 递减负荷 (decreasing force) ( )
2 ^$ e5 T3 x, i7 ?- o6 P1.37 逆负荷现象 (counter-force phenomenon) ( )
3 |; K# p- j4 A- F4 T2 @1.38 加荷时间 (period for loading) ( )
" b8 i, x. p6 J) m1.39 加荷速率 (loading rate) ( )6 A) a+ `2 _5 @/ u+ F- H5 @8 ]8 R
1.40 卸荷时间 (period for unloading) ( )' C; W* ~. C6 Y) j8 y/ G4 T
1.41 卸荷速率 (unloading rate) ( )6 C+ I& O! O- @; o( A2 Q& p& F8 J' i
1.42 砝码 (weight) ( )
# o( O' E; A) H8 y6 g. c1.43 机架 (fixed framework) ( )
2 u7 W1 u& _" T& n4 y5 u1.44 负荷机架 (loading frame) ( )
6 q+ J% r) U. G- |" L: b$ D1.45 压力试台 (Platform for loading) ( )
* j3 r9 L! q8 |% V9 B  U1.46 提升架 (lifting frame) ( )$ ^( e/ E' k9 a/ j$ i2 j
1.47 加荷横梁 (beam for loading) ( )% _: U6 E/ X% R9 e
1.48 压缩空间 (room for compression device) ( )  C5 r/ W3 B2 b0 G9 s3 ^# O" f$ k
1.49 拉伸空间 (room for tension device) ( )
0 g+ t! ^+ K. t) D1.50 反向器 (reverser) ( )) `( e- ~+ f7 R( g+ b2 w& @7 C( ~
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4
, k1 f" c0 m/ L: {1.51 杠杆 (lever) ( )
, O7 c$ c( v9 R- o1.52 支点刀 (supporting-knife) ( )
6 |0 H/ i" g; \# R& |0 q0 G0 H6 u1.53 重点刀 (weight-knife) ( )
! p+ G" T0 g% P6 ?) N, s1.54 力点刀 (force-knife) ( )8 A+ u! ]; [# P1 @& n% C
1.54 杠杆有效长度 (effective length of lever) ( ); q5 u# m" g/ W
1.55 杠杆比 (Lever amplification-ratio) ( )
4 Q! j" S! q$ y1.56 直接加荷部分 (directly loading unit) ( )
) [' @4 p" k8 e( }1.57 负荷放大部分 (main unit) ( )! C! Q4 m: k% Q3 F5 N% o, V
1.58 比例活塞 (proportional piston) ( )
1 U- @& d* R* Z/ A' q  O7 ^4 W1.59 比例油缸 (proportional cylinder) ( ), d8 ?3 I& M  w+ i0 A( p, b9 s' U- |
1.60 加荷活塞 (loading piston) ( )
# r) E* G  F" m: {# M; b% h1.61 加荷油缸 (loading cylinder) ( )3 R. h; L# a, o) a# x1 q
1.62 放大比 (Amplification ratio) ( )1 r) d+ {5 Q! \6 W
1.63 活塞有效面积 (effective cross-area of piston) ( )
% _4 R# i2 w/ X* L) |1.64 油缸转速 (turn-speed of cylinder) ( )
) Z' i1 g, c( m, F* n  Z+ D( L1.65 油缸旋转线速度 (speed of cylinder) ( )
2 m8 Z5 h0 `/ e$ D0 l5 d% f1.66 导向活塞 (guide-piston ( )
* u2 T/ H: F1 E* Z1.67 最大压力 (maximum pressure) ( )
! y# S6 e5 l. D7 {1.68 负荷转换活塞 (piston for load relieving & pressure transmitting) ( )+ k. ^) D! g# f: B. z- m! H
1.69 负荷转换油缸 (cylinder for load relieving & pressure transmitting) ( ). d- D8 d; P4 ^( L/ w! q$ A
1.70 同轴度 (coaxality) ( )
+ h1 U: [& V! y" M1.71 几何同轴度 (geometric coaxality) ( )$ X  W) |3 r" h1 O7 A" t0 Q/ `
1.72 受力同轴度 (coaxality with load) ( )) o) S0 @0 _) X/ L
2 测力仪 ( ). Z, ]. Q0 Y" Y; J8 S% U
2.1 测力仪 (dynamometer) ( )0 z% V4 r/ Q2 z! s1 v8 w- w5 g7 P- _
2.2 标准测力仪 (standard dynamometer) ( )
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5
* g# h* ]3 \8 p2.3 弹性体 (elastic element) ( )
$ [! ]7 X& b/ h. o2.4 变形测量装置 (indicator of deflection) ( )  Q1 m8 A/ [5 A+ ~! R8 B3 p- K
2.5 变形 (deformation) ( )( ^' B8 ?4 `! R( j$ B- A! g
2.6 额定变形 (deflection under rated load) ( )
) y. R& s8 |" s; i) G- Y6 g2.7 读数值 (reading) ( )
' @/ T0 x3 P* R: |6 ?9 _/ ]2.8 变形示值 (indication of deflection) ( )
, e% u9 m& x) G4 z9 v- Q2.9 测力环 (proving ring) ( )
, H0 D# [: m1 }2.10 压向测力仪 (compression dynamometer) ( )1 N9 E5 b  {6 C* Q3 U& {
2.11 拉向测力仪 (tension dynamometer) ( )$ R2 A  N+ ^2 U, A  y+ L
2.12 双向测力仪 (tension & compression dynamometer) ( )' H' H% N" {5 X4 t& G% h
2.13 负荷 (load) ( )
* |/ E9 g; K7 Y1 s2.14 静负荷 (static load) ( )
% @- B/ N$ Q' Y7 ~3 P* Y2.15 动负荷 (dynamic load) ( )
* Y3 u4 ?! k) T0 G2.16 循环负荷 (cycle load) ( )
( @: M) v+ e- i" l+ A2.17 随机负荷 (random load) ( )
0 j& s- p7 _+ X: L' d2.18 冲击负荷 (impact load) ( )) U9 L7 I  F6 r' l
2.19 额定负荷 (rated load) ( )7 v& _% N$ ^* i3 k
2.20 最小负荷 (minimum load) ( )
: |2 t5 ?3 J4 g) \2.21 负荷范围 (load range) ( )% k2 [! Z& Y& S/ g9 K
2.22 预负荷 (preload) ( )/ ?& |) L2 ~- [* _. i6 ?; c- R% r9 L
2.23 检定 (verification) ( ). Y2 @% M* f( ]# |
2.24 定度 (calibration) ( )) `  R! d, X, ?
2.25 进程定度 (increasing calibration) ( )( J# [+ y" Z4 K% l3 q+ M& p' O
2.26 回程定度 (decreasing calibration) ( )
, _) |5 Z) M1 U2.27 分度值 (division) ( )
* o& t2 `$ _- `: o& X8 G# D; z5 k+ k! [2.28 重复性 (repeatability) ( )+ y5 x$ t. j. L8 O& V' `
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6# U% z, X( S) G& k0 J; x+ O
2.29 滞后 (hysteresis) ( )( P8 L& L* C4 ]1 o: J1 R/ L
2.30 稳定度 (Long-term stability) ( ); J7 K& E0 K( z' ^0 _8 P  p1 C
2.31 温度修正系数 (coefficient for temperature correction) ( )
2 f' i6 }2 a, w( @% M+ K2.32 校准方程 (calibration equation) ( )
! H0 M8 X9 H1 P& T, u4 e$ |* g8 A2.33 管形测力仪 (cylindric dynamometer) ( )4 |4 T/ m7 X8 M# U: V1 X: l
2.34 扭矩仪 (torque-meter) ( )
3 r- c7 V) r3 H# g2.35 标准扭矩仪 (standard torque-meter) ( )
7 W8 b6 i" W2 B* Y3 `* z( z; h) e; l2.36 扭矩扳子 (Torque wrench) ( )" \9 w2 K$ h9 ~* Q8 C4 I
2.37 扭矩扳子检定/校准仪(Calibrator of torque wrench) ( ): I5 M5 e, v: o0 G1 _, Y2 }4 ?: [
2.38 扭矩改锥 (Torque driver) ( )
% [; l1 z# \# }! x8 H/ H2.39 扭矩改锥检定/校准仪(Calibrator of torque driver) ( )9 Y0 R! ]3 L3 `1 w9 f: D$ }
2.40 测功机(Machine measuring power) ( )$ @: ^0 {( P" j, b) \7 c: ]
2.41 摆锤式冲击机检定标准装置 (standard equipment for calibration of pendulum  _; r. \4 ~$ |) s& Z: k8 r% l
impact machine)
& S) h, ~, A9 z! m$ L( )
7 F* h0 D, P6 n% x/ X$ }8 _& F2.42 标准冲击块 (standard impact blocks) ( )
% ~, h4 S, Q6 u, X8 I+ [# \. Q6 f- `3 负荷传感器 ( )0 G; }: E9 t2 D: I& U/ q; n
3.1 环境条件 (ambient conditions) ( )# _, Y/ p  b6 w2 a* q; [
3.2 环境温度 (ambient temperature) ( )
# M6 |1 G0 e/ b3.3 使用环境条件 (ambient condition,operating) ( )$ @" m5 C( p" u
3.4 室内条件 (room condition) ( )% M* S9 [6 h; b$ S3 O
3.5 标准试验条件 (standard test condition) ( )" F) w# D& f4 U5 T
3.6 负荷传感器 (load cell) ( )6 @, J0 ]0 Z5 P8 b1 q5 g" P
3.7 测力传感器 (Force transducer) ( )
# d  b! G2 `7 a7 t3.9 扭矩传感器(Torque transducer) ( )
/ R, V/ B- W# D0 O7 X* R3.10 多分量传感器(Multi-component transducer) ( )
* |) ~; \1 k7 I3.11 参考传感器(组)(Reference transducer(s)) ( )
) b2 s9 o6 F# c! k% r( `/ I3.12 多分量校准系统(Calibration system for multi-component transducer) ( )) E' f5 Q5 _- K
3.13 应变式负荷传感器 (strain gauge load cell) ( )
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* _4 e4 ?) y3 O2 N1 R- {) D; D: d: b7
: ^! s# q$ o  q) B  o( ]3.14 压电式负荷传感器 (piezoelectric load cell) ( )
) l1 ]8 B0 v, }8 r% h# i: s3.15 压磁式负荷传感器 (magneto-elastic load cell) ( )
  M" Z. Z9 q3 ~) G# F7 @! R- N3.16 电感式负荷传感器 (inductive load cell) ( )9 x$ i6 P* y& G4 `9 l4 j
3.17 电容式负荷传感器 (capacitive load cell) ( )' {( N: d( w& f! L. S1 v$ l( K
3.18 压阻式负荷传感器 (piezoresistive load cell) ( )" n' u: z" F  i9 e
3.19 敏感元件 (sensing element) ( )' E: ?# u# k$ K* F
3.20 主轴线 (primary axis) ( )5 h4 a+ {/ K1 Q
3.21 轴向负荷 (axial load) ( )
- i9 ~8 u& F5 A; _# C  B2 z; p3.22 安全过负荷 (overload, safe) ( )  Y, c* ?2 U2 a
3.23 极限过负荷 (0verload, ultimate) ( )
/ U& Q/ \* y- e# ]6 q9 Q3.24 侧向负荷 (side load) ( )$ t9 c$ q; @# e) b, O. V
3.25 偏心负荷 (eccentric load) ( )
6 d1 d; `( Y$ s8 z) F! h( f3.26 同心倾斜负荷 (angular load,concentric) ( ); g. B7 c* G$ q# B* a0 |
3.27 偏心倾斜负荷 (angular load,eccentric) ( )
9 P5 Z4 a7 Q6 H  ]+ e9 H3.28 输出 (output) ( )
9 i* t, j# [8 x& S3.29 额定输出 (rated output) ( )3 ^- ?6 R  t6 r6 @6 \2 n
3.30 零点输出 (zero output) ( )7 M6 h+ n7 c8 a7 X+ Z' Q/ h
3.31 过冲 (overshoot) ( )" q( p& s* t1 Z7 a$ [3 b8 P
3.32 校准 (calibration) ( )  s3 y1 T& v; S( [/ O
3.33 静态校准 (static calibration) ( )2 I1 q- {: J6 d7 k3 U- Z
3.34 校准曲线 (calibration curve) ( )9 t6 }& M0 n5 C
3.35 工作直线 (operating line) ( )
3 E. ^5 [5 r$ x) Y% b; N. e; }3.36 端点直线 (end-point line) ( )
4 f( H6 ?  O! ~" Q3.37 端点平移直线 (end-point line,translation) ( )+ H% g# W8 P  ^  [2 D1 t
3.38 最小二乘法直线 (least-squares line) ( )
$ `- \& k+ i/ [- A" E3.39 灵敏度 (sensitivity) ( )' @( m# q" ^+ T: D
3.40 灵敏度允差 (tolerance,sensitivity) ( )- C# p# |% S* z; M- V- q. y4 B
3.41 不对称度 (un-symmetry) ( )0 l$ W$ v3 w7 F- l
3.42 直线度 (linearity) ( )8 W" I: n7 v/ x" W% k
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' o7 `9 h. C  j" J6 Y' I+ X- N3.43 综合误差 (combined error) ( )
0 D5 T( v/ t" D/ w! w& b2 d3.44 蠕变 (creep) ( )
  W+ K9 f; r2 P3.45 蠕变恢复 (creep recovery) ( )
+ p4 S- u+ j) D+ z. V* H1 E, m3.46 输入电阻 (input resistance) ( )% W1 `# T/ B9 s: Q4 g
3.47 输出电阻 (output resistance) ( ). ^( q* f7 z5 C- H  }
3.48 绝缘电阻 (insulation resistance) ( )
* W: r% v8 ^' J) Y( H! {. `3.49 激励 (excitation) ( )
! D& J$ C# d% B& a3.50 最大激励 (maximum excitation) ( )# P* Q, r  k0 ^" h1 r  W/ |* P  b" A$ \
3.51 补偿 (compensation) ( )
% k; t7 u" U, ]; a- f9 X3.52 安全温度范围 (temperature range, safe) ( )0 ^; s9 i- m  ]/ O
3.53 额定输出温度影响 (temperature effect on rated output) ( )
6 I1 J& t$ ~0 r) N3.54 零点输出温度影响 (temperature effect on zero output) ( ). N- j6 V+ m/ X% J# o' x
3.55 温度补偿范围 (Temperature range,compensation) ( )
( U3 [2 D, h7 X2 B3.56 预热时间 (warm-up period) ( )' M, O( t5 H% t( T1 C9 n9 `8 Y3 Y' m
3.57 稳定时间 (stabilization period) ( )# J6 ?6 T0 L8 Z4 [+ }& P0 B7 `: H
3.58 额定输出环境影响 (span instability) ( )
9 N3 i7 p" H( W4 y" H5 Q( m3.59 漂移 (drift) ( )# R8 K6 O+ A. _0 V3 b
3.60 灵敏度漂移 (sensitivity drift) ( )1 o1 o* F- q) j4 L+ j! Y! D4 a
3.61 零点漂移 (zero drift) ( )7 N% L: d2 z9 X$ N, `
3.62 零点永久漂移 (Zero drift,permanent) ( )4 {) i( k4 {1 R* \' E* C
3.63 零点恢复 (zero return) ( )
( O/ L4 m( Z& q+ |3.64 零点环境影响 (zero instability) ( )
+ c  n1 m! c0 \" g- Z3.65 零点移动 (zero float) ( )
3 p. |' Z6 F8 R* W" J3.66 使用寿命 (Life,operating) ( )3 h8 Q( V5 Z! @9 ]
3.67 循环寿命 (Life,cycling) ( )) v; ^7 V6 Z2 s) b6 ?! M) J! o
3.68 固有频率 (natural frequency) ( )3 r+ o' V6 ~. b* f9 `) Q8 b/ m
3.69 动态特性 (dynamic characteristics) ( )* n3 n- K8 F! s4 X
3.70 频率响应 (frequency response) ( )

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