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[讨论] 在国外搞建筑工程设计,哪些东西与国内不同?

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发表于 2008-3-14 07:56:30 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式 来自: 加拿大

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有朋友想了解国外是怎么搞建筑工程设计的吗?# w" i, T/ ]2 U) |* G

: `1 p. r7 b  g' P/ G6 x

6 q; e# J. q5 U" V! {: M3 f据本人观察,国内的设计院一般专业设置齐全,一个项目不出大门就能搞定。在国外一个专业,最多两个专业就是一个公司,一个项目要n个公司协作才能完成。边规划边协调,边协调边设计,边设计边施工,边施工边修改,边修改边调试,边调试边培训,边培训边验收。混乱但有秩序,低效但保质量。所以就造成了国外的图纸画的很好看,内容好像很多,但就我们关心焦点尺寸,少之又少。等到最后施工,这些东西都快协调800遍了,由施工人员"打哪指哪",哪里还有什么错、漏、碰、缺呀。大家可能注意到了,国外的图纸上有五花八门的声明,其目的就是尽量少负法律责任。要是真有脱不了干系的责任,就把板子打在那个在图纸上盖章的“注册工程师”身上,所以对于设计责任他最上心,不用三级校审也行。
8 m$ H. D+ J& I8 `; s% R. S: I
" L1 H' f6 u, U. Q3 l2 z9 z

- X) _3 ?% A% k& n/ N. m此贴抛砖引玉,以共享外国,外企网友的经验,为我国的工程建设领域借鉴。
2 k! z* Y6 X/ f0 a. _, M$ j2 q8 |8 z0 R% q9 F
[ 本帖最后由 bafloow 于 2008-3-14 08:11 编辑 ]

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 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-15 09:06:21 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
贴一张图请大家看看(通风)

M-421 Part Layout.PDF

456.47 KB, 下载次数: 5

发表于 2008-3-16 10:43:42 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国河南安阳
国外也有总包与分包的关系吧。如果自己协调各分包商的关系是比较麻烦。

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 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-16 10:53:18 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大

比图纸还重要的设计文件 - Specification

多年以前,我们设计院接了个境外项目,当时北京的寰球在国际工程领域名气较大,所以我们就到他们那里取经。因为我国的大型化工装置均为进口,寰球的前身就是化工部第一设计院,他们在对外交往中比大多数设计院先行一步。他们告诉我们,设计文件除了图纸外,还有一个重要文件就是设备规格书,我们院给了它起了另外一个名子“工程规定”。化工装置的设备规格书好理解,建筑工程的规格书当时还真不知道是什么。最终费尽九牛二虎之力,闭门造车还是给写出了一个,好在那个项目后来黄了,否则丑就出大了。0 v1 q+ q! E4 b
1 Y3 Q+ E9 y8 U; l) _
工程规定是何物?原来它在国外叫Specification,是由专门的组织编写的,然后以政府级高度被采用,内容涉及对工程所有环节的详细要求,远非一个设计院的能力所能及。这个指导性文件,基本上是检验教训和打官司打出的产物,有了这个东西作为工程的指导,即使设计人员自己本身经验不丰富,工程质量也不大会有大问题,参与各方也不会有大纠纷。我国的那种行业的“施工及验收规范”还是比不上这个Specification

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 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-16 11:02:32 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
原帖由 wanyeqing2003 于 2008-3-16 10:43 发表 http://www.3dportal.cn/discuz/images/common/back.gif( i3 g1 p% t- o2 G1 C0 }4 C
国外也有总包与分包的关系吧。如果自己协调各分包商的关系是比较麻烦。
! W3 L6 t: P9 [# h. V* W
国外的分包商多如牛毛,协调是个大问题,文件中出现最多的词就是coordination。上贴所说的Specification就有很多协调方面的要求,设计人员也有这方面的职责。
发表于 2008-3-16 19:38:22 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国河南洛阳
国际上有专门承包合同,规定了承包方的各种职责,权利和义务。
  K3 Q6 f5 I: \5 ~+ M我们业主和承包方往往不了解其中的内容,所以比较费劲。8 M# T6 Y, l" T# K8 _! r# P

8 n& }4 Z* A  c' h具体内容可以参考下面的网页:! @5 z" {& j2 i7 K. P) x
http://www.tb-lawyer.com/Article_Special.asp?SpecialID=1
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-16 20:32:48 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
FIDIC太庞大了,美国,加拿大的MasterFormat被广泛采用于日常的建筑工程当中,各设计单位还要根据工程的具体情况作补充修改,作为设计文件与图纸一起发布。在施工之前设计人员还要根据specification的要求,审核施工承包商,或设备材料供货商所提供的解决方案是否合理,设备材料是否符合要求的等等,承包商的偷工减料在这个环节中被杜绝。
发表于 2008-3-16 21:01:11 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国河南洛阳
有了FIDIC合同,还需要有这方面知识的人员来执行。& \2 e+ M# h+ F0 S

% j$ N/ J8 \$ {* C工程中除了甲方代表外,还有监理可以协助开展工作。
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" R! y7 u- }# Y) Q* U3 z[ 本帖最后由 wanyeqing2003 于 2008-3-18 07:58 编辑 ]
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-18 07:40:50 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
以下是一个实际工程的spec. (建筑设备)内容目录 15000.tableofcontents.pdf (10.72 KB, 下载次数: 2)
发表于 2008-3-18 10:54:37 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国北京
呵呵~~国际项目确实不一样!2 O; D  D" n3 S$ o: ^# I! m1 `
经常见到的文件有以下几种:
0 t% ?# X4 {' e. I% `6 M" S( {specification(说明书),calculation (计算书),MATERIAL REQUISITION,datasheet,Technical Enquiry,MATERIAL TAKE-OFF......
8 F# [/ ^, ]/ i: r6 W4 c/ b0 F那个specification最难弄,把各方面都必须写得很清楚,每句话最好都要按照标准里要求那样写!其他的文件都好说!
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1 Y& H  b4 f! t) a; q下面给大家一个阴极保护方面的specification的目录看看!
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INDEX# `2 ]* ^* k: ]& E5 W0 Z' A$ P9 X, G
1.0 SCOPE. ' P5 b" i; O: i1 ~
1.1 General. 9 P# r$ F9 _; y, X" `
1.2 Definitions.
. ]! T' ?. v" W9 H/ p3 f& @0 O' D2.0 CODES, REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS. + V/ X* u' W7 h% s
2.1Codes, Regulations and Standards. / A" c4 m& \4 ~, \: f% R# n% N
3.0 CLIMATIC CONDITIONS. ! u8 c, }4 f, x, D* U
4.0 BASIC DATA.. 0 I/ g' s' n& U5 l
4.1 Design Life.
" s  @; c3 J5 Y7 D" \6 w! x& e+ }4.2 Cathodic Protection Potential. & i6 B4 n0 l) N: Y
4.3 Protection Current Density..
' u+ P- u- j. g. ?. D# X4.4 Energy.. " ?/ E5 O% m% y) Y# ^7 g
4.5 Test Posts. . o! T: y6 s5 v) ?9 T; o3 R. d
4.6 Insulating Joint.. ' B& ?& K: u3 w
4.7 Effect of Electric Line.
4 E& ^- _" s) d, B+ u# [4.8 TemporaryCathodic Protection.. 9 [+ R7 ]/ h9 O. E3 E$ e
5.0 DESIGN CRITERIA.. 8 B! A9 E; ]! z" W. ^* [
5.1 Mode of Cathodic Protection.. ! x7 U1 `/ \& H9 N0 Q& b. [! w
5.2 Transformer Rectifier..
5 G3 o8 u7 z2 o2 }/ T6 U5.3 Anodes.
9 T3 H6 F# L8 a% s5.4 Carbonaceous Backfill. 9 D+ _3 L: k' T9 r
5.5 Anode Junction Box..
$ i( L+ v0 o: y2 m5.6 Test Post and Permanent Reference Electrodes.
0 z/ @5 P5 I- ^! s5 h5.7 Cables. 0 M: ^' i; d  ^
5.8 Permanent Reference Cell. - r8 N7 ?( V3 D8 C: H+ `
5.9 Groundbed..
4 R' r3 u4 v& Y4 N7 d  C5.10 Pipeline GroundingSystem...
7 R( ^7 A8 d$ C: k, H6 D" ?: p2 t! [5.11 Casing Pipe Cathodic Protection System...
" _% V( \3 o% H' Y# C6.0 TEST OF CORROSION PROTECTION SYSTEM... * C( p* U3 O4 E( i7 z) P( I  [
7.0 INSTALLATION..
# h% a& M: ]2 I- f: U8.0 COMMISSIONING TESTS. . `0 m2 U/ L, V/ R5 j3 o
9.0 OPERATION & MAINTENANCE.
, `) w- [/ o) Y9 ~( @  t10.0 SPARE PARTS.
# U" {/ ]" J4 V$ L2 V
2 z$ C, X) L8 H! u! ^! e[ 本帖最后由 zxs1221 于 2008-3-18 10:59 编辑 ]
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-19 07:29:15 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大

Specification -- 内墙的施工,供货,和提交的文件要求-1

[WASTEWATER MASTER SPECIFICATION] FINISH HARDWARD! T1 {5 L9 m9 e6 m7 Z; p$ E
[PROJECT TITLE] 08710-1
8 g! V5 ^2 Y: n( t) v; ], cSECTION 08710
+ D6 e9 X9 m' o- P: y1 ]FINISH HARDWARE7 V& _; U" y) t0 L
$#
( c# V- Y  G5 Y; ANTS: This specification section requires careful review by the specifier. The specifier3 ]$ D6 e. n4 o& p
is required to modify the section according to the requirements of the project.
: e  _2 E, c; eBrackets indicate items to be checked, completed, edited, selected, or filled in.$ K( ]* \) }) x# m- H! q$ @
NTS notations and brackets should be removed in the final printing.
$ W1 l! W7 l& L4 F, a; K#$
; s9 F9 `9 y7 \9 VPART 1 -- GENERAL& v- S! m$ G$ a% a8 J4 m

- z) p: H$ J2 w0 c1.1 THE REQUIREMENT
  C! k1 A: C6 e# p! ^0 w1 NA. The Contractor shall furnish all tools, equipment, materials, supplies and manufactured items,0 O, D/ f$ j- Z% `5 @) r
and shall perform all labor required to furnish and install, complete, finish hardware as indicated
9 _7 p" ]4 I+ a5 `1 bon the Drawings and specified herein.) o! K2 K3 `) S& f- k1 T. s$ U

! G8 {+ z# N0 m8 G4 i$ ?( a2 O1.2 RELATED WORK SPECIFIED ELSEWHERE+ `* N: R5 U% W' l4 X# B' [4 v
A. Section [02830] Chain Link Fences and Gates.
! J# ?% ^0 q* c  H( aB. Section [05500] Miscellaneous Metalwork.
; y' {# p6 Q. E! M9 e  o4 V  WC. Section [06100] Rough Carpentry.
' |- u* b7 W9 A! ^) t+ y9 `& O5 y) }5 \D. Section [06200] Finish Carpentry and Millwork.' Q: S; R, {7 W& H' d' u% l6 V: ?
E. Section [08360] Overhead Doors.$ I4 W0 j3 \( O; K" t1 H
F. Section [08410] Aluminum Entrance and Storefronts.; P; _2 o3 U5 p9 A3 v# `: D( \
G. Section [10160] Metal Toilet Partitions.
5 l9 N% _/ m! z9 a) z, uH. Section [10500] Metal Lockers.# ?- o5 U$ `6 a, v7 X

$ M5 H# f3 d. T9 \& V1.3 REFERENCE SPECIFICATIONS, CODES AND STANDARDS
/ r" Z6 P* u3 s# {. LA. Comply with the reference specifications of the GENERAL REQUIREMENTS.
. X9 k& I. R9 O, ]B. Comply with the current provisions of the following Codes and Standards.- a: |3 i' |1 O) R1 @
1. Commercial Standards:; x3 U2 p/ z3 k% y- C! c: b2 ^, e
Underwriter's Laboratories, Inc. requirements and approvals.
$ v$ }6 Z$ X4 b: y1 @& T6 ?  |1 OHardware Institute (DHI) Recommended Procedure for Processing Hardware3 J5 i. Y( L, \: S; I
Schedules and Templates and Architectural Hardware* D& V# {2 L6 l9 \8 R; o2 i7 x
Scheduling and Format.
1 k' u% S6 n3 w8 N5 wBHMA Builders' Hardware Manufacturers' Association8 V3 U3 m1 J9 y7 v8 V
2. Manufacturers' Standards: In addition to the standards listed above, the finish hardware
) W4 a# s4 s/ E5 Tand its installation shall be in accordance with the manufacturers' published
6 c# U/ O$ U' k& R1 q" {  crecommendations and specifications.* D8 V- V8 r3 G' Z

' F6 C/ X% T& Y! q; D/ |! m" f1.4 CONTRACTOR SUBMITTALS
4 a3 H! Q, T4 P2 \6 GA. Submittals shall be made in accordance with the GENERAL REQUIREMENTS.( h7 C7 L. d2 M$ D- Y
B. The following submittals and specific information shall be provided.' j, R: a! v1 l; i
1. Samples: The samples of all items requested by the ENGINEER shall be furnished by the/ a+ n9 C# L8 g" k/ g
hardware supplier no later than [10] days after said request is received.
6 l) H) O3 R) A* v# P; e5 y# u2. Manufacturer's information: The CONTRACTOR shall submit a complete detailed$ [1 C& P* V. \4 f+ r
hardware list and a schdule along with manufacturer's literature on each item for approval.
4 v- a+ @* H" Y. [8 S0 M6 x8 sNo hardware shall be delivered until the hardware schedule has been approved by the2 _  D% x- S1 c, b
ENGINEER.$ K7 y% A) v( x. o/ ^$ b
3. The hardware schedule submitted by the CONTRACTOR shall list the actual product series
% o! R2 M* |  |4 P/ w/ ]numbers. Manufacturer's catalog requirements for actual size of door closers, brackets,' j5 @7 d& V1 O/ r' T5 ~+ d
and holders shall be observed. All door sizes shall be noted on the hardware schedule and; x: u- m  B4 T9 z$ E3 o) {
all hardware shall be in strict accordance with height, width, and thickness requirements.+ b2 {% l" U. m$ ~
4. The schedule shall indicate groups, type, manufacturer's name, catalog number, location,
# N! k$ z* L- \5 X$ oand finish of each item to be provided, all in accordance with the DHI "Architectural7 X+ l/ z2 v0 @0 ~3 _
Hardware Scheduling Sequence and Format".
- h" k! x) I$ }; J( K- F- G5. The schedule shall also include a complete template list showing template references and7 L8 A9 g" n$ J; I7 e
data for each item requiring preparation of metal doors and frames.
  k" K; O" W  N" h6. Hardware for aluminum doors may be included in a separate section of the schedule.# i% L" M1 x- x6 J+ u
! E& A3 i$ \) G$ B9 a7 @" V2 X
1.5 QUALITY ASSURANCE
' m% X# @& |8 x( XA. Manufacturer's product names, numbers, and models are given herein for the purpose of
1 u2 H  P8 n; l8 Sindicating the requirements for the type, general construction, material and operation of the/ Z+ f2 s+ v6 p; J
specific item, not with the intention of limiting the item to the manufacturer's listed product.$ f1 n/ _" v/ ]/ _! ?/ ~
Substitution of another manufacturer's product that is fully equivalent in all respects may be( h( S7 b* N, Y
made subject to the approval of the ENGINEER. It shall be the CONTRACTOR's responsibility& ]' Y6 U, [! o# W# |: B
to supply detailed and complete data to the ENGINEER as required to facilitate appropriate( I1 c! q: G9 c$ ^/ d
evaluation of all proposed substitute items.3 l! i* Y( m+ `0 ]1 u; ~  v7 m2 Y
1.6 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING
" ^( t  N, {  h# C' o- H0 lA. Except where otherwise specified all hardware shall be delivered to the jobsite.
8 m- {& ?7 b/ PB. Each unit of hardware specified herein shall be individually packaged complete with fastenings
% k0 _$ k! ^; O0 c5 @+ aand all appurtenances. Each package shall be clearly marked on the outside to indicate its* s6 D) D9 c5 _1 b: U" V1 z8 J
contents and its specific location in the work, and shall be identified by its related number from, l! P% H  Q" o& v* Z4 S, |
the reviewed hardware list.2 G  F' \* B. K9 O3 C0 u" E8 n
C. Contractor shall store hardware in a safe place at the jobsite where directed by the ENGINEER
9 H  b, i; I4 h9 w/ V, V; ]to prevent loss or damage until installation.& I+ }  U1 [  m& f* ^

$ D+ ^* ~7 }5 ^2 ^% R0 q[ 本帖最后由 bafloow 于 2008-3-19 07:30 编辑 ]
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-19 07:34:28 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
PART 2 -- PRODUCTS
9 {% E+ A$ k, N1 ^# R! ?3 D: T" }$ I! x! M7 y
2.1 GENERAL
; G$ w! P- _  l5 o; J  @A. Manufacturer's product names, numbers and models given herein are for the purpose of2 X7 |* V% V) @; W# `: D9 s, b
indicating the basic requirements for type, construction, material, operation, durability and1 N( c5 s( T; @8 X4 X4 C' P/ {
functional adequacy of the specific item. Substitution of another manufacturer's product that is6 _7 e1 W! U$ x/ q  @3 z
fully equivalent in all respects will be made subject to the approval of the ENGINEER.1 M; ~: k/ R9 j* O: B$ E
B. Provide end products of one manufacturer for each item in order to achieve standardization for
/ n& m, L0 S/ Rappearance, maintenance, and replacement.
: A" @2 U  `1 b1 X8 tC. When deemed necessary for product evaluation prior to review, the ENGINEER may require
# U+ Z8 x. W8 F* n# O: x3 z! Qsubmittal of full size standard production units for inspection and check. Such samples will be( ?) |! U1 I1 I9 Z& C' N
returned to the Contractor and may be installed on the project if identified for location in
) d$ ]2 d* r3 f. z3 {$ qconformance with specified requirements.
$ i* }- M: r, g. d; eD. Contractor shall check kinds and quantities of hardware products to determine conditions,
4 J; @  x) k  n  rcompleteness, and conformance to the Specifications.
, C. }" c2 ~: T9 h1 M
8 X" h5 x% M! o4 I/ h) F  O2.2 PRODUCT TYPES
( l5 ?9 D9 t3 q# r7 X/ e1 xA. Locks and Latches: All locks shall be security type with 6-pin cylinders having stainless steel
1 D# k" `% a# x6 C+ U- Zmechanism for all exterior hollow metal doors.6 Q6 M; V, F8 y, G$ T
B. Lock Uniformity: Except as otherwise specified, Contractor shall furnish locksets, cylinders, and
: U& `9 U. }: [4 e8 bcomponent parts as hereinbefore specified, by one manufacturer.: j; |1 ^! T  @4 w9 Y
C. Lock Strikes: Shall be boxed type with curved tip of sufficient length to protect trim and/or jamb.
, k2 M, ^- L5 D" w- |7 [Lock strikes shall be delivered to the jobsite with the locksets.9 ^: \4 ?5 }  b
D. Fasteners: Bolts, screws, fittings, and other fasteners, including soffit plates for door closers,# S  b  x- W9 Z$ l$ M
shall be provided for proper and secure attachment with specified hardware.
9 \1 w" ?; ]* N% TE. Door Closers shall be full rack and pinion type with adjustable means of regulating closing speed,
$ P1 a9 ^6 w2 u4 {1 V, |; }latching speed, back check, and with reduced spring power and shall be regular parallel arm type. q7 A! b% U! S( i
with 90 degrees to 180 degrees hold open provisions.
7 r; p3 X$ r* y$ P9 [1 K8 Q# kF. Door Swings: Door swings indicated on the Contract drawings are standard door swings. If a
4 G1 V$ p% X0 B, K3 _door hand is changed during Construction the Contractor shall make necessary changes in) C. I' ^5 E4 o# V3 l% L
hardware at no additional expense to the CITY, subject to the approval of the ENGINEER.
! T4 F- i$ x0 C% o. jG. Silencers shall be provided for all metal door frames; three for single doors, two for pairs of
  |+ S2 m, w3 K: b4 D' C  @doors.
8 X! R% r* q; \8 T6 Q0 w; IH. Door Butts shall be of proper width to clear trim and other features when door swings to
2 I5 i. ]/ p& G1 L1 A) d9 l180 degrees and shall have oil-impregnated ball bearings.
' ]9 O2 e) g& k5 d& b1. Door 1-3/4-inch thick up to 7-feet 0-inch to have 1-1/2 pair of 4-1/2-inch X 4-1/2-inch butts.8 p  D9 ^' y. B
2. Exterior doors to have butts with oil-impregnated bearings.; v' a+ Y/ z5 R9 Y# G# v
3. Provide template hinges for use on metal door frames.$ q2 ]' ]7 h5 i2 C, S! z2 H
I. Temporary Lock Cylinder: Contractor shall provide temporary lock cylinders with temporary
0 F: U/ l! @/ b( x1 }construction keys for door locks during the construction period.; f4 X( Y3 [+ X. ?$ I  i
J. Kickplates: 16-gauge stainless steel with edges beveled four (4)sides. Kickplates to be 10-9 ^6 F( S6 P0 K& o9 x: g, S
inches high x door width less 1-inch.
4 A$ m( \1 d2 k1 ], X$ JK. Lock Astragal: Provide astragal for exterior in swinging 1-3/4-inch metal doors, of 9-3/8-inch x 1-
  Y* A- }/ E4 E1 w, H% z1/2-inch size with US 10 finish designed to prevent tampering of lock bolts from the exterior.
- Q3 c& d% e' \& [L. Flush Extension Bolt: Two point concealed automatic type for exit operation only with control; P; g; v" S7 k  S$ o+ h- m
knob located on the inside, provided with top and bottom strikes, Underwriters Laboratories (UL)
7 K' G' a) v1 Q5 ~) c3 H" R3 O5 wListed, bronze components with 626 finish and designed for use on 1-3/4-inch thick hollow metal3 A  O( O: h8 U. B* Z) @
doors.
- H$ z  Y! j, d4 I5 ^5 Z; }. k+ z/ z% x& j& E& D
2.3 FINISHES8 Y3 ?5 Q' J  [: G5 X
A. All finishes hereinafter specified are "BHMA" numbers as specified by the "Building Hardware( U/ ]0 f0 u1 v4 O7 k+ H. ~+ a) g% F& W7 J
Manufacturer's Association"., K+ I9 {) \, `3 f
1. 600 - Prime Coat
3 F# Q. M' Z7 h9 f2. 626 - Dull Chromium5 o7 e. y8 A2 f" s4 i
3. 629 - Bright Stainless Steel7 }" ^4 }8 q7 o, j
4. 630 - Satin Stainless Steel' \' ]% p% z- `# @
B. All items not specified herein shall have BHMA 630 finish.9 a3 u4 U! e. x1 N+ X9 i; ?' Q
C. Locksets and Deadlocks shall have BHMA 630 finish.
2 H: f* }& b4 x2 s! I6 \8 QD. All hinges to have BHMA 630 finish
& S. Y4 d3 t/ ?; M3 l9 T8 @E. Kickplates, Push and Pulls to have BHMA 630 finish.7 o! Y6 M  e+ |" G' R) h, k
F. Closer cover plates to have dull bronze lacquer finish.# V4 Z' j5 ?- E$ }# X2 r' O. e
G. Miscellaneous Finishes shall be as specified.
. \# I7 a/ _- ?. @/ F5 s' t7 L
/ `& K. y9 N# \0 S2.4 KEYING
2 V" n% Z+ Z* c! |4 YA. To ensure full coordination with CITY's keying needs and requirements, all keying will be6 k: W4 _! O% A
determined after a conference with the ENGINEER, and such keying shall be designated in the1 e% T8 Y1 M7 T/ n$ C3 w% X
CONTRACTOR's hardware schedule by appropriate set of numbers opposite the respective
5 `6 X; o8 r% A- C# \5 y- Ydoors. Keys shall be positively identified for their respective locks and shall be delivered into the* O# x& M: G: M& c5 K1 L' A
hands of the ENGINEER upon completion of the work.7 M+ W, |( O+ _! L$ X
1. All locks and cylinders shall be labeled consecutively with the door number to correspond
) F% w; ?3 a; `6 C0 mwith change keys. All shipping tags shall be of approximate 2-inch X 3-inch size.
( o8 L9 T" u& x/ I  q0 d0 J/ |B. Keys:
8 Z3 ~. Y# c8 S+ i* t& m1. All keys shall be nickel-silver large bow, plain both sides, (6 pin) stamped on one side
2 y( P2 P- }! ?- F* O"CITY OF LOS ANGELES -DO NOT DUPLICATE".7 |& C2 _- L3 L
2. CONTRACTOR shall furnish two (2) keys for keyed alike locks; two (2) keys for each keyed. j/ |: k2 R: J6 s6 U
different locks, and six (6) grandmaster keys.- f4 C; v7 u' n, @, ]
3. Lock manufacturer shall ship all keys including grandmaster, master, and change keys, via# G# Z% K6 }; h' v
Registered Mail directly to the ENGINEER. The keys shall be individually tagged and
% S" d; N6 h* B  n$ Q: r# \identified by door locations.
5 k; Y; `5 z% N: n  r" ?+ a  l4. At the time of change-over from construction lock cylinders to permanent lock cylinders,
+ i# h7 |( }( V4 L8 _+ fthe INSPECTOR will check the permanent key operation with the in-place permanent lock
' D* r8 f3 v& I( }* X/ ycylinders to assure proper operation of locks and keys.5 ^4 O( y. h  Y& u$ l; g

  d2 W/ ~( c% w2.5 HARDWARE SCHEDULE
9 F2 `6 g& J" I( Z# O% KA. The following hardware schedule is intended to represent the hardware required. Provide the
, v: A' }& \/ Z5 U$ |following hardware or their equal:" @7 ^5 Z4 v" `0 I
$#
2 @, ]) D  f. N* r1 ^& i2 [$ yNTS: List quantity, description, manufacturer's detail and finish for hardware: o8 e$ F0 V. A0 ]0 x7 l- f
applicable to this project.
4 R) l2 `+ b& R& b# _0 A5 K" `0 L#$
) g! l  Q9 Z: H+ B- R# ]6 i: H3 j6 L+ k
2.6 TEMPLATES
5 j. J3 {( e) V1 O0 G% @' WA. All hardware for metal doors and metal frames shall be fabricated to template. Templates, or
2 `7 g) i; S$ }3 M: j8 ephysical hardware items, shall be furnished sufficiently in advance to avoid any work delay.7 R* k9 D% O2 P4 {+ Y5 p8 B
7 V' ~* O1 I* k2 x* a8 q
PART 3 -- EXECUTION% n/ _# D! I9 p
4 \9 H$ x1 s% q( m1 Y
3.1 GENERAL) r/ g* v% U* h. A) z2 c. w2 t
A. During the construction period, the CONTRACTOR shall employ temporary construction lock: P0 X3 P0 n' ~5 v0 w. A7 u
cylinders with temporary construction keys on door locks in the project.% _' F* g. e" i$ F& ]2 H* Q
B. Prior to completion of construction, and after final installation of hardware, the CONTRACTOR
! Q/ z2 ?+ z: C# w) xshall demonstrate to the ENGINEER that all items of operable hardware function properly, that/ X1 |/ g% r! `9 d! X
doors swing smoothly, and that keys lock and unlock their respective doors.4 s3 T5 K1 P0 x2 C, s
C. At the time of completion of the facility, on direction of the ENGINEER, the CONTRACTOR shall
& G" o' }6 z' T7 c- B* b% ~replace the construction lock cylinders with the permanent lock cylinders.8 `. @; V2 Q" v1 ?" E" u0 ^! _( q* T3 x
D. The CONTRACTOR, upon completion of the work herein, shall remove all oil, grease, or other
8 S5 n- z6 \0 |( z4 F! dsoiling from exposed surfaces of finish hardware and shall remove all cartons, wrappings, and5 ]: B" I  Z& x  Q& M6 i
other debris resulting from the work herein, and shall leave the facility in a neat, clean, and
  c* E" w" d. L" R3 h$ lacceptable condition subject to approval by the ENGINEER.
6 i" u# @2 T* {
9 c8 @0 W8 m+ s/ h1 h3.2 INSTALLATION+ _4 c# h1 [* @
A. All hardware shall be installed accurately and in accordance with manufacturer's instructions.
; l, o. V6 O& f; c  Z+ C  z5 PB. Hardware shall be securely tightened to develop full strength of components and provide for
+ P' G- q0 A) M8 v% W3 g0 Iproper operation.6 c1 z1 m$ h- I, \5 i; J, M( t0 m* |
C. Make work neat and secure.7 P8 |- {4 X! n4 c
D. Prevent marring, scratching, or otherwise damaging adjacent finishes during hardware
! H- V5 R3 ]; i! q+ rinstallation.0 ^# E9 b6 g6 m* y3 t8 K) H9 k# y
E. Latchbolts:
/ A* ~( {# I& T/ S6 Q1. Install to engage in strikes automatically, whether activated by closers or manually.
, f0 w% h% j7 i; Q& @- Q2. Additional manual pressure shall not be required to engage latchbolt in strike.$ F7 _* K( P( ~3 d6 m( }7 t
F. Stops and Holders: Set to allow doors to open as far as possible.
! J/ M  B5 H, \# BG. Wall Mounted Hardware: Install over solid structural backing or solid blocking in hollow walls.
) \* j5 t+ \, M8 qH. Thresholds:/ A/ [4 l0 M% [1 G
1. Cope ends neatly to profile of jamb.
+ x- H  w8 \! o3 c2. Set in sealant and seal ends to jambs.9 ?% _; U! b5 o6 F& ^: a
I. Hardware: Adjust for easy, noise-free operation.
( u1 f9 v, \( S6 i6 ]- RJ. Replace damaged hardware items.* x  q; w# q; `  _& H; ]3 A

$ ?2 G9 Y, L9 O4 O: I9 B/ q3.3 PROTECTION
+ h! ?" G1 P' e6 K. A7 u3 |9 D" CA. Cover and protect exposed surfaces of hardware during installation and until substantial
, V( ?! b. m( W  m. {9 c9 _completion.
2 r' w+ y) p8 N$ f3 w3 l* oB. Fit, dismantle, and reinstall finish hardware as required for finish painting work.: y. p6 M) L& J, F+ n
C. Protect and prevent staining of hardware during construction in accordance with manufacturer's
- x* A; R) H) Q9 e( Krecommendations.+ k# E& O$ B9 f( S$ D  u& D
D. Remove protective measures on permanent lock cylinders installed prior to final cleaning.3 F- L5 Y8 r) N8 ?
* * * * * *
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-19 07:47:09 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
其实这都是常识,没有什么难的,确实可以减少好多漏洞,减少业主的风险,但是现行的体制下,工程师这么做了不但不能多挣钱,还赔进去好多时间,所以政府的监管职能应该强制执行,并且提高设计取费。做事情不能只讲少花钱。
发表于 2008-4-3 10:59:05 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国广东广州
国外设计充分尊重业主的要求。设计人员一般一直呆在工地现场进行协调服务和设计调整,所以前期的工作是框架性的,后期的工作比较多
发表于 2009-5-9 13:19:01 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国广东广州
又长见识了
发表于 2009-5-9 17:43:48 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国重庆
看来这国外还挺复杂了。
发表于 2009-5-16 20:13:58 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 越南
我在越南搞了一个大型生产线方面的项目,属于交钥匙项目,狗日的越南人搞的图纸花里胡哨的,实际用处太少,n多的工程制图人员,天天就知道开会,一个也不去现场看看,工程进度奇慢,图纸上的问题多多,建议以后有类似的项目最好我们提供全套的图纸,并且要收高价的规划设计费
发表于 2014-6-20 18:44:11 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国浙江宁波
犀利~学习了,但是比如美国这样的,人家搞软件多,土木最赚钱的就被拿走了
发表于 2022-6-17 09:12:52 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国福建宁德
大体上是一样的吧,都是建筑技术方面的,
6 q$ A. O& F* W5 ], E主要不同在于各国的文化、经济、风俗、政治等等
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