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[讨论] 在国外搞建筑工程设计,哪些东西与国内不同?

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发表于 2008-3-14 07:56:30 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式 来自: 加拿大

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有朋友想了解国外是怎么搞建筑工程设计的吗?
6 ?* R4 ~3 R9 d! r( J1 E: O4 K% u8 E9 I
8 x6 q' R! p0 L. o
据本人观察,国内的设计院一般专业设置齐全,一个项目不出大门就能搞定。在国外一个专业,最多两个专业就是一个公司,一个项目要n个公司协作才能完成。边规划边协调,边协调边设计,边设计边施工,边施工边修改,边修改边调试,边调试边培训,边培训边验收。混乱但有秩序,低效但保质量。所以就造成了国外的图纸画的很好看,内容好像很多,但就我们关心焦点尺寸,少之又少。等到最后施工,这些东西都快协调800遍了,由施工人员"打哪指哪",哪里还有什么错、漏、碰、缺呀。大家可能注意到了,国外的图纸上有五花八门的声明,其目的就是尽量少负法律责任。要是真有脱不了干系的责任,就把板子打在那个在图纸上盖章的“注册工程师”身上,所以对于设计责任他最上心,不用三级校审也行。
" I: ^- i/ b, C# C0 ?% G' Z$ _/ l# c- G% @3 G1 E

% }( a9 n) {  }6 p5 y2 j# G此贴抛砖引玉,以共享外国,外企网友的经验,为我国的工程建设领域借鉴。/ U) B* P3 R: |

/ Q" g% G4 Q; H& R[ 本帖最后由 bafloow 于 2008-3-14 08:11 编辑 ]

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 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-15 09:06:21 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
贴一张图请大家看看(通风)

M-421 Part Layout.PDF

456.47 KB, 下载次数: 5

发表于 2008-3-16 10:43:42 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国河南安阳
国外也有总包与分包的关系吧。如果自己协调各分包商的关系是比较麻烦。

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 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-16 10:53:18 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大

比图纸还重要的设计文件 - Specification

多年以前,我们设计院接了个境外项目,当时北京的寰球在国际工程领域名气较大,所以我们就到他们那里取经。因为我国的大型化工装置均为进口,寰球的前身就是化工部第一设计院,他们在对外交往中比大多数设计院先行一步。他们告诉我们,设计文件除了图纸外,还有一个重要文件就是设备规格书,我们院给了它起了另外一个名子“工程规定”。化工装置的设备规格书好理解,建筑工程的规格书当时还真不知道是什么。最终费尽九牛二虎之力,闭门造车还是给写出了一个,好在那个项目后来黄了,否则丑就出大了。
4 `) ]8 ]! N, h! i. X- l+ U
$ ~! O8 {8 F% i工程规定是何物?原来它在国外叫Specification,是由专门的组织编写的,然后以政府级高度被采用,内容涉及对工程所有环节的详细要求,远非一个设计院的能力所能及。这个指导性文件,基本上是检验教训和打官司打出的产物,有了这个东西作为工程的指导,即使设计人员自己本身经验不丰富,工程质量也不大会有大问题,参与各方也不会有大纠纷。我国的那种行业的“施工及验收规范”还是比不上这个Specification

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 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-16 11:02:32 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
原帖由 wanyeqing2003 于 2008-3-16 10:43 发表 http://www.3dportal.cn/discuz/images/common/back.gif
# Y0 m" [: m3 w: O国外也有总包与分包的关系吧。如果自己协调各分包商的关系是比较麻烦。

! {; u- a* E! Y. g3 ]1 j国外的分包商多如牛毛,协调是个大问题,文件中出现最多的词就是coordination。上贴所说的Specification就有很多协调方面的要求,设计人员也有这方面的职责。
发表于 2008-3-16 19:38:22 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国河南洛阳
国际上有专门承包合同,规定了承包方的各种职责,权利和义务。
5 c2 P- n' _' B' i/ G我们业主和承包方往往不了解其中的内容,所以比较费劲。
. L4 B# E( l7 J3 T6 ?6 f: u' G8 Q% l8 I9 t' q
具体内容可以参考下面的网页:
3 [* z; T, H$ d# X+ }http://www.tb-lawyer.com/Article_Special.asp?SpecialID=1
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-16 20:32:48 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
FIDIC太庞大了,美国,加拿大的MasterFormat被广泛采用于日常的建筑工程当中,各设计单位还要根据工程的具体情况作补充修改,作为设计文件与图纸一起发布。在施工之前设计人员还要根据specification的要求,审核施工承包商,或设备材料供货商所提供的解决方案是否合理,设备材料是否符合要求的等等,承包商的偷工减料在这个环节中被杜绝。
发表于 2008-3-16 21:01:11 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国河南洛阳
有了FIDIC合同,还需要有这方面知识的人员来执行。* O0 v9 z8 L  H) h0 Y$ @+ f3 Z

/ @$ E( m( K: @: ~& r% \+ y3 ?# {工程中除了甲方代表外,还有监理可以协助开展工作。
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5 h9 d' Y; ~$ G3 v! ^[ 本帖最后由 wanyeqing2003 于 2008-3-18 07:58 编辑 ]
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-18 07:40:50 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
以下是一个实际工程的spec. (建筑设备)内容目录 15000.tableofcontents.pdf (10.72 KB, 下载次数: 2)
发表于 2008-3-18 10:54:37 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国北京
呵呵~~国际项目确实不一样!+ r; \. N8 R: P
经常见到的文件有以下几种:2 p9 t. N0 {* s, |( x9 ]( t6 K
specification(说明书),calculation (计算书),MATERIAL REQUISITION,datasheet,Technical Enquiry,MATERIAL TAKE-OFF......
# k# Q# j$ ~2 u  u( U: M9 c7 L- x8 v$ h那个specification最难弄,把各方面都必须写得很清楚,每句话最好都要按照标准里要求那样写!其他的文件都好说!4 \- L( g+ m6 @* ]+ o2 W' [1 `

5 g8 W( r$ q+ N( \0 w) P; P下面给大家一个阴极保护方面的specification的目录看看!8 y/ a2 e! D- h$ O8 F/ O

' c% D. e4 ~: c  ?! [  m7 CINDEX+ @6 j2 p9 p  A' [  O4 \9 l! F. w6 |4 [
1.0 SCOPE.
( ~( _) r: O$ [( P. e1.1 General.
: S& K4 Z$ A1 C& F1.2 Definitions.
! d$ P/ A: Q6 b$ U2.0 CODES, REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS. : C3 _6 Y; A3 _# p) K
2.1Codes, Regulations and Standards. - i8 B4 @# t* }+ s0 b
3.0 CLIMATIC CONDITIONS.   ~  d8 q6 _! {( g( a* a* I
4.0 BASIC DATA..
  I7 W7 e+ d, o' w4.1 Design Life.
/ B. L; w4 n5 H9 q* o1 |4.2 Cathodic Protection Potential. ( k3 S, |, O: r6 M0 L" U5 i
4.3 Protection Current Density..
0 y: J; h/ x$ o! t4.4 Energy..
9 Z! b" ]# M/ B4.5 Test Posts. 8 \+ x2 ^  M( S# N. I- x7 Q8 k7 j
4.6 Insulating Joint.. + C2 x, T: v2 \0 @
4.7 Effect of Electric Line.
  a% R8 Z+ E  s4.8 TemporaryCathodic Protection.. ; x( Z8 L% c9 B$ k$ N% g
5.0 DESIGN CRITERIA..   T8 W6 U, ?* Z5 u. }8 X6 d2 G
5.1 Mode of Cathodic Protection..
! s% S9 }6 i# u9 A5.2 Transformer Rectifier..
& V/ v* l4 O% t: ^5.3 Anodes. % P/ @1 D  j* g- ~
5.4 Carbonaceous Backfill.
$ @% G, h7 O; h5.5 Anode Junction Box.. . `! |8 w2 s: v0 Z6 D
5.6 Test Post and Permanent Reference Electrodes. 8 D2 A8 v# `* \7 U
5.7 Cables.
- W% [  u2 r# i3 a5.8 Permanent Reference Cell. & b, `4 ?9 M6 r& Q) k( O- R; z3 ?' Q$ s1 \
5.9 Groundbed..
' h2 k1 |2 _' b: W' F7 q7 o) M5.10 Pipeline GroundingSystem...
5 w7 ^3 d- r# c& w4 s0 @5.11 Casing Pipe Cathodic Protection System...
3 K, g; R. i3 y: r+ Q+ z6.0 TEST OF CORROSION PROTECTION SYSTEM... ) K* A! Y3 j0 \) O- M1 u
7.0 INSTALLATION..
7 W: t9 e+ O/ d0 T: q8 I  X8.0 COMMISSIONING TESTS.
* b% ~+ Y! @4 S9.0 OPERATION & MAINTENANCE.
, c7 E4 x: P. w: r% k10.0 SPARE PARTS. , v. R3 [: W/ \! b/ l' @* P& v
& T( ?9 I0 p' A  e( J: z
[ 本帖最后由 zxs1221 于 2008-3-18 10:59 编辑 ]
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-19 07:29:15 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大

Specification -- 内墙的施工,供货,和提交的文件要求-1

[WASTEWATER MASTER SPECIFICATION] FINISH HARDWARD/ }  z6 |( ]+ W' G: V* [) h3 H  I
[PROJECT TITLE] 08710-1
0 M" R( |+ D  D2 ~2 @SECTION 08710
0 i$ a4 w' e9 M! q# [; PFINISH HARDWARE7 D  A9 m& E- c& v7 r8 y. t) @
$#; a3 V8 s% B+ O1 L3 a, a+ Q
NTS: This specification section requires careful review by the specifier. The specifier
8 U; {  e" ~% U) x! m, _is required to modify the section according to the requirements of the project.
' c) b. L$ w9 x7 }! zBrackets indicate items to be checked, completed, edited, selected, or filled in.
! @8 q/ K3 b( @$ j- q2 RNTS notations and brackets should be removed in the final printing.
% ]# p9 a" X% i  ~8 j#$% d. N# K4 N$ e
PART 1 -- GENERAL
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1.1 THE REQUIREMENT) v) p$ W/ O+ S3 d) t
A. The Contractor shall furnish all tools, equipment, materials, supplies and manufactured items,
& e" b9 Y, v4 ?% }and shall perform all labor required to furnish and install, complete, finish hardware as indicated3 D  w8 T/ U) G0 t
on the Drawings and specified herein.
! R1 I# e' M3 ~3 s9 |# N7 O; x% V" l: U) I/ i2 S( T: R- e+ b6 h$ D
1.2 RELATED WORK SPECIFIED ELSEWHERE
% j# a  c" |" Y' m) x# j/ `, LA. Section [02830] Chain Link Fences and Gates.* B: v% \8 {, }, s2 }; M  Z  r; F
B. Section [05500] Miscellaneous Metalwork.# R) Z0 r9 ?, a( _/ W% O, ^: P
C. Section [06100] Rough Carpentry.
7 ]! A$ ?+ I2 N. L* R) h* pD. Section [06200] Finish Carpentry and Millwork.' l! V; F2 i& M- K) x
E. Section [08360] Overhead Doors.+ _2 w  s2 S) U) k
F. Section [08410] Aluminum Entrance and Storefronts.4 p/ N4 m4 ~+ B2 W
G. Section [10160] Metal Toilet Partitions.2 B7 d$ g( y% Q  Z
H. Section [10500] Metal Lockers." `9 \$ Y. v6 y. M+ ?! C8 D
) @% }  Z7 M7 |1 E# h
1.3 REFERENCE SPECIFICATIONS, CODES AND STANDARDS* X3 {1 D- F/ }! G3 ~
A. Comply with the reference specifications of the GENERAL REQUIREMENTS.0 i2 Q6 p% P  k7 ^! T. ]
B. Comply with the current provisions of the following Codes and Standards.
5 t( w& I- L- U; k4 m. M1. Commercial Standards:/ W* L- I* L' m8 z' B' M
Underwriter's Laboratories, Inc. requirements and approvals.
- e# ~+ h( i' _/ \5 N" j1 H3 R6 FHardware Institute (DHI) Recommended Procedure for Processing Hardware3 Q5 r0 p$ w5 s3 S2 M0 V' E# E) B
Schedules and Templates and Architectural Hardware& C1 T0 w) f& X  N
Scheduling and Format.
9 E8 @4 P5 ^) R3 Z5 PBHMA Builders' Hardware Manufacturers' Association
5 ~2 ]5 c" m+ `. O+ t2. Manufacturers' Standards: In addition to the standards listed above, the finish hardware
8 t/ B3 ^: \) d: Y" b- Gand its installation shall be in accordance with the manufacturers' published
$ j5 n8 ?; N" S5 x. }5 e2 x! Q7 J& vrecommendations and specifications.' H7 I" E! H. ~. z% P9 v
9 j+ i7 g5 M; x! y% y0 a+ c  d
1.4 CONTRACTOR SUBMITTALS$ P) p) U2 ^& _( H1 P
A. Submittals shall be made in accordance with the GENERAL REQUIREMENTS./ R$ z6 }+ L' C( Y. W
B. The following submittals and specific information shall be provided.
# ^- |& m( J- B8 T: e1. Samples: The samples of all items requested by the ENGINEER shall be furnished by the
3 X* H  i3 f* k; M  J2 ghardware supplier no later than [10] days after said request is received.
7 i" S; d! u2 l! N2. Manufacturer's information: The CONTRACTOR shall submit a complete detailed3 T* \- v- `6 h1 p
hardware list and a schdule along with manufacturer's literature on each item for approval.
/ [3 f# w* R! `1 e% s% P& `% g& VNo hardware shall be delivered until the hardware schedule has been approved by the
) w1 C. H7 P, l3 s2 t. c% VENGINEER.
2 o$ b6 |; K5 f* z3. The hardware schedule submitted by the CONTRACTOR shall list the actual product series
( S4 ?; ?# o" _; Wnumbers. Manufacturer's catalog requirements for actual size of door closers, brackets,& o" r% v1 r2 n, L. \
and holders shall be observed. All door sizes shall be noted on the hardware schedule and& k1 n9 M! x7 H) A. r
all hardware shall be in strict accordance with height, width, and thickness requirements.
; H0 h( V3 l$ `1 P4 W6 l" Y' w4. The schedule shall indicate groups, type, manufacturer's name, catalog number, location,/ I- ^# Z% c4 f# ^8 C
and finish of each item to be provided, all in accordance with the DHI "Architectural3 K8 g' Z5 B& f9 @: M% f' l) W6 g
Hardware Scheduling Sequence and Format".3 L7 v9 [/ k1 U/ A% L
5. The schedule shall also include a complete template list showing template references and; j8 X7 o1 V  T) e( A8 f% Z1 s" r, m
data for each item requiring preparation of metal doors and frames./ l$ z* P- a( ?$ b7 l! [( J
6. Hardware for aluminum doors may be included in a separate section of the schedule.2 f) w* {- m7 I' j' ~3 U" ]

8 j/ q* F, q# F) G1.5 QUALITY ASSURANCE
8 y! m" Y* |9 [+ B  T0 jA. Manufacturer's product names, numbers, and models are given herein for the purpose of
/ z$ i) s# C: @; [6 r: ], findicating the requirements for the type, general construction, material and operation of the
- q/ V' R( d8 }! P: N' a4 f; ?specific item, not with the intention of limiting the item to the manufacturer's listed product.  P' E4 _2 B. m4 t" B, u
Substitution of another manufacturer's product that is fully equivalent in all respects may be! g% t( V( H) ]! E1 u+ M- [
made subject to the approval of the ENGINEER. It shall be the CONTRACTOR's responsibility
- C9 x5 J( y6 c2 j+ I# v$ Ato supply detailed and complete data to the ENGINEER as required to facilitate appropriate# _- L+ {0 [8 ?$ C4 c6 y% k
evaluation of all proposed substitute items.
# S8 O! V! I; b6 |  g: L+ y1.6 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING
6 g2 w& Y) z% c6 _- ^7 M% @/ m9 `( {A. Except where otherwise specified all hardware shall be delivered to the jobsite.3 G# W* w, ~) e4 V. b* ]
B. Each unit of hardware specified herein shall be individually packaged complete with fastenings
# K; @" w# y! F+ dand all appurtenances. Each package shall be clearly marked on the outside to indicate its
$ k: D8 W: I4 C2 mcontents and its specific location in the work, and shall be identified by its related number from3 b8 X; Z+ L* f3 T( w9 e. r
the reviewed hardware list.
  @* F- E7 `) u' f& l9 E3 t2 F$ z/ AC. Contractor shall store hardware in a safe place at the jobsite where directed by the ENGINEER
3 c' }0 o  t4 g  Y4 u. f& Pto prevent loss or damage until installation.
" n  T. P# c& R" C$ ?
- D$ Q. Q& J6 r3 `7 D! |[ 本帖最后由 bafloow 于 2008-3-19 07:30 编辑 ]
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-19 07:34:28 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
PART 2 -- PRODUCTS
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1 {2 G7 x+ [6 |! |3 G$ H; P9 x2.1 GENERAL3 M0 Z) s0 f: e! p/ G
A. Manufacturer's product names, numbers and models given herein are for the purpose of
7 Q' ?9 N6 [& o9 N8 d; ~+ \indicating the basic requirements for type, construction, material, operation, durability and
! G+ v- G3 W* |( b4 xfunctional adequacy of the specific item. Substitution of another manufacturer's product that is9 n1 }- z: M& H* G5 T( H0 m3 ^6 K
fully equivalent in all respects will be made subject to the approval of the ENGINEER.
" ~3 s+ o5 B: BB. Provide end products of one manufacturer for each item in order to achieve standardization for
* u0 b8 a2 C& C' V& Rappearance, maintenance, and replacement.7 |! R2 t+ Z* P% n$ Z0 R- l$ b; k
C. When deemed necessary for product evaluation prior to review, the ENGINEER may require
- O: k7 F' v' U* Bsubmittal of full size standard production units for inspection and check. Such samples will be
7 |4 o! L3 p8 A2 A$ h3 z, ?+ O- ireturned to the Contractor and may be installed on the project if identified for location in+ c* l- o$ |% s( U, H- i
conformance with specified requirements." O( \! _; \9 ?% G8 M. _* k
D. Contractor shall check kinds and quantities of hardware products to determine conditions,+ ~. e9 \; P( q" ~- s) I
completeness, and conformance to the Specifications.
! v* s" @- x& D, ?, o- w$ Z1 J7 k2 p
2.2 PRODUCT TYPES1 e1 k2 L4 D5 L7 d
A. Locks and Latches: All locks shall be security type with 6-pin cylinders having stainless steel* ]2 b" O; d1 _+ h
mechanism for all exterior hollow metal doors.# n  Z8 t* `' G  u
B. Lock Uniformity: Except as otherwise specified, Contractor shall furnish locksets, cylinders, and
8 _7 \% p4 N- U0 l% Wcomponent parts as hereinbefore specified, by one manufacturer.; \: o) c! t, o1 B! s+ ?
C. Lock Strikes: Shall be boxed type with curved tip of sufficient length to protect trim and/or jamb.
2 W. j8 ?# R, g0 y* GLock strikes shall be delivered to the jobsite with the locksets., r" B& _/ r2 B6 a
D. Fasteners: Bolts, screws, fittings, and other fasteners, including soffit plates for door closers,
/ H$ F* t5 l! J: r2 Tshall be provided for proper and secure attachment with specified hardware.
; F; G4 s! b& f" w7 V. M5 i# ME. Door Closers shall be full rack and pinion type with adjustable means of regulating closing speed,
* k" i# W9 P0 A% B  Mlatching speed, back check, and with reduced spring power and shall be regular parallel arm type. e9 B* \. f* _, S+ `
with 90 degrees to 180 degrees hold open provisions./ i8 N& T0 t$ Y  d: J/ b6 X
F. Door Swings: Door swings indicated on the Contract drawings are standard door swings. If a
/ x8 R  H& l  O/ b. Y3 c  I, Bdoor hand is changed during Construction the Contractor shall make necessary changes in/ |1 B8 {0 R$ Z! }' T2 K* y" a
hardware at no additional expense to the CITY, subject to the approval of the ENGINEER.4 C% T) k  c+ U6 @
G. Silencers shall be provided for all metal door frames; three for single doors, two for pairs of
- V' w, i/ C9 N. K$ t( V) s0 Idoors.# }( U) S+ R" o
H. Door Butts shall be of proper width to clear trim and other features when door swings to6 Q$ d! u! W2 C, R: F6 O' n
180 degrees and shall have oil-impregnated ball bearings.
9 T$ D0 a1 k6 k& n$ [1. Door 1-3/4-inch thick up to 7-feet 0-inch to have 1-1/2 pair of 4-1/2-inch X 4-1/2-inch butts.
& ~" z  h6 @: i1 R2. Exterior doors to have butts with oil-impregnated bearings.
  V1 a: T6 a9 p9 A3. Provide template hinges for use on metal door frames.& Q& _. b5 c* M1 {. \+ L
I. Temporary Lock Cylinder: Contractor shall provide temporary lock cylinders with temporary
2 J. I' U9 G  V5 ?4 l* |construction keys for door locks during the construction period.
1 B7 W" R+ S9 d# HJ. Kickplates: 16-gauge stainless steel with edges beveled four (4)sides. Kickplates to be 10-) v" u4 Y  @' Z( _/ D! x
inches high x door width less 1-inch.) B5 h, A) e1 V; G5 S0 M
K. Lock Astragal: Provide astragal for exterior in swinging 1-3/4-inch metal doors, of 9-3/8-inch x 1-6 ]- V* g. \9 Z4 H( ~1 r
1/2-inch size with US 10 finish designed to prevent tampering of lock bolts from the exterior.
' m' b/ M; Q! f! T8 L, HL. Flush Extension Bolt: Two point concealed automatic type for exit operation only with control1 a7 S: v& u2 s- U, r) |, A
knob located on the inside, provided with top and bottom strikes, Underwriters Laboratories (UL)
# S$ W" p/ _  M, O6 y0 uListed, bronze components with 626 finish and designed for use on 1-3/4-inch thick hollow metal
% U! b) s: G( [3 Sdoors.
$ J: [. ^2 L  \7 }# L# L
8 }4 A$ w* H" J& p: w- @2.3 FINISHES$ S, N% Y( p  E& i& o
A. All finishes hereinafter specified are "BHMA" numbers as specified by the "Building Hardware
+ ?; e' w  V. QManufacturer's Association".
6 N% O7 V0 z6 q1 K1. 600 - Prime Coat% j& @  Z; L) h4 h
2. 626 - Dull Chromium( j' u7 U3 _8 H1 y
3. 629 - Bright Stainless Steel: {9 d8 x- h& P
4. 630 - Satin Stainless Steel
7 M/ }* C+ z: V) S" a: `7 QB. All items not specified herein shall have BHMA 630 finish.
9 r' `/ }0 M% W+ [$ I, s6 }1 mC. Locksets and Deadlocks shall have BHMA 630 finish.! L' b5 ?* U" q8 V2 L
D. All hinges to have BHMA 630 finish' a, O2 Y0 O7 ~/ I0 r
E. Kickplates, Push and Pulls to have BHMA 630 finish.
. A5 P5 r* Y: ]3 ~- RF. Closer cover plates to have dull bronze lacquer finish.
* C4 _2 g+ ~$ r& |( O  g  sG. Miscellaneous Finishes shall be as specified.& y/ T- `/ t3 \5 Z3 _
* F! v5 M2 g- u+ x) \
2.4 KEYING
" ^+ ~3 i; d8 H1 i9 c( YA. To ensure full coordination with CITY's keying needs and requirements, all keying will be
- ^3 ]0 M0 P3 f/ u, kdetermined after a conference with the ENGINEER, and such keying shall be designated in the2 J/ A: C" d7 g. h# w; ~: U+ f& [
CONTRACTOR's hardware schedule by appropriate set of numbers opposite the respective9 o6 [# F1 g( @9 G! {* U: I
doors. Keys shall be positively identified for their respective locks and shall be delivered into the2 r. f6 m0 W" k, S' ?& C' E
hands of the ENGINEER upon completion of the work.
# g2 t/ f3 F8 T$ f& U% D1. All locks and cylinders shall be labeled consecutively with the door number to correspond9 D" g" h% {$ Z
with change keys. All shipping tags shall be of approximate 2-inch X 3-inch size.
: T2 I" ~& v* E3 f' d; [4 A, `B. Keys:
8 I+ s* Q0 c- D# j9 y& _1. All keys shall be nickel-silver large bow, plain both sides, (6 pin) stamped on one side
# f! {+ Y6 E4 Z9 E- ?; V"CITY OF LOS ANGELES -DO NOT DUPLICATE".
5 u4 s% v/ U4 H# N. \/ i4 S* h  V2 Y2. CONTRACTOR shall furnish two (2) keys for keyed alike locks; two (2) keys for each keyed9 q8 \- I4 x) x* }2 f
different locks, and six (6) grandmaster keys.
5 c. n5 m# M) Y, P$ z3. Lock manufacturer shall ship all keys including grandmaster, master, and change keys, via
  b8 g! ~3 p8 f- M8 h9 ^9 FRegistered Mail directly to the ENGINEER. The keys shall be individually tagged and
( `; S( a# d" r! {& Fidentified by door locations./ h) x$ v% |* k; ?- y
4. At the time of change-over from construction lock cylinders to permanent lock cylinders,: x: j5 `, Y  [6 o& F9 Q7 y, P
the INSPECTOR will check the permanent key operation with the in-place permanent lock, w5 j( v! s; x, d; }# q
cylinders to assure proper operation of locks and keys.
9 O7 o" I# v9 _/ {2 M- j8 ]! o& A( X8 n( [0 ~: o
2.5 HARDWARE SCHEDULE/ O( }) M' z5 v8 e- S2 S6 n
A. The following hardware schedule is intended to represent the hardware required. Provide the
. |) H8 F8 m2 d' _; sfollowing hardware or their equal:
0 S. V3 i$ m0 u) Z$#
$ S: X! f0 j' Z% Z8 lNTS: List quantity, description, manufacturer's detail and finish for hardware9 b) ]+ ?# C4 j- o+ N) k
applicable to this project.
! k, ?/ ]6 t! f#$2 R& O0 ^8 |+ B( v) q6 J$ x

! m" I9 \; v5 j% t3 f& Q( P6 ]( C& `2.6 TEMPLATES
- C5 K" z. j! J8 z/ w; h: sA. All hardware for metal doors and metal frames shall be fabricated to template. Templates, or
) I/ ]1 S' g( G, \physical hardware items, shall be furnished sufficiently in advance to avoid any work delay.
+ K1 l) l8 j$ b) p3 N) A9 l4 D# @9 C% N% b: g* g1 ?' z
PART 3 -- EXECUTION
+ m; w1 [; O* w4 L( n* u
5 s9 [7 ^: K( ~2 \3.1 GENERAL; H! S0 T7 ]4 G3 v
A. During the construction period, the CONTRACTOR shall employ temporary construction lock
/ ]- M2 s: Y# Y/ W' g, ecylinders with temporary construction keys on door locks in the project./ }( \/ ?% |+ K' s: {4 _, q
B. Prior to completion of construction, and after final installation of hardware, the CONTRACTOR
& q7 d* K4 z- w1 R* Tshall demonstrate to the ENGINEER that all items of operable hardware function properly, that
# I. v- }3 X; o3 l# [7 q6 p/ F3 s8 C) ldoors swing smoothly, and that keys lock and unlock their respective doors.: B* `+ ^& {+ p4 c# D/ Y
C. At the time of completion of the facility, on direction of the ENGINEER, the CONTRACTOR shall
' h$ M" j$ {& lreplace the construction lock cylinders with the permanent lock cylinders.
) G3 d# E* p  ]D. The CONTRACTOR, upon completion of the work herein, shall remove all oil, grease, or other# B4 \8 C5 `; ^6 N: l% k* I
soiling from exposed surfaces of finish hardware and shall remove all cartons, wrappings, and/ I! D8 g) X* X% H) Z
other debris resulting from the work herein, and shall leave the facility in a neat, clean, and
( U9 Z% I4 a* `# a' g) sacceptable condition subject to approval by the ENGINEER.) K3 g, P' g) y' e2 d- [3 L+ i0 g
0 E0 {* m- G+ C
3.2 INSTALLATION! I$ F* F. y0 g
A. All hardware shall be installed accurately and in accordance with manufacturer's instructions.5 ^0 j, S; M  y% h+ m8 Q# B- E4 H0 S
B. Hardware shall be securely tightened to develop full strength of components and provide for
( y" d, h- W' T. {& Iproper operation.
9 {( n$ E, b2 }, KC. Make work neat and secure.
8 x- a* t" t/ L, YD. Prevent marring, scratching, or otherwise damaging adjacent finishes during hardware
% B& U3 ^8 ~/ X" Linstallation.# w* ]2 E* u( H1 D7 O/ M) M
E. Latchbolts:
% s, b7 S5 K  {8 z' U1. Install to engage in strikes automatically, whether activated by closers or manually.
6 w+ L4 ^% I: b$ E2. Additional manual pressure shall not be required to engage latchbolt in strike.3 s4 S) }: S) ~7 e3 i4 e
F. Stops and Holders: Set to allow doors to open as far as possible.0 `" M+ v$ X6 e
G. Wall Mounted Hardware: Install over solid structural backing or solid blocking in hollow walls.
. j1 p, l- C9 w; gH. Thresholds:& J1 J; F. h2 H* Y- f. w
1. Cope ends neatly to profile of jamb.6 o2 D9 F/ ^( O9 W; S0 o
2. Set in sealant and seal ends to jambs./ d) [. f9 ^' ~0 [8 r1 E
I. Hardware: Adjust for easy, noise-free operation.  b1 ~0 {- Y& |* |
J. Replace damaged hardware items.
' [3 @8 F; s# a( p& w$ n+ A7 X# B" k2 E4 U1 I# R3 v
3.3 PROTECTION- @: x: t/ q# ]. O# O
A. Cover and protect exposed surfaces of hardware during installation and until substantial* Z5 |6 H) R1 v( D, G5 D$ k
completion.
  M/ v" F! A/ q$ C. B* [/ Y1 uB. Fit, dismantle, and reinstall finish hardware as required for finish painting work./ ?. h$ O0 d2 R8 X9 |* F  n
C. Protect and prevent staining of hardware during construction in accordance with manufacturer's! }1 l' d; N, E: C: ~5 ~) B) q
recommendations.
+ _4 ?1 _, E5 ~1 i! H6 lD. Remove protective measures on permanent lock cylinders installed prior to final cleaning.4 i& `! m2 K' O1 u: r  T. b" X6 y
* * * * * *
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-19 07:47:09 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
其实这都是常识,没有什么难的,确实可以减少好多漏洞,减少业主的风险,但是现行的体制下,工程师这么做了不但不能多挣钱,还赔进去好多时间,所以政府的监管职能应该强制执行,并且提高设计取费。做事情不能只讲少花钱。
发表于 2008-4-3 10:59:05 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国广东广州
国外设计充分尊重业主的要求。设计人员一般一直呆在工地现场进行协调服务和设计调整,所以前期的工作是框架性的,后期的工作比较多
发表于 2009-5-9 13:19:01 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国广东广州
又长见识了
发表于 2009-5-9 17:43:48 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国重庆
看来这国外还挺复杂了。
发表于 2009-5-16 20:13:58 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 越南
我在越南搞了一个大型生产线方面的项目,属于交钥匙项目,狗日的越南人搞的图纸花里胡哨的,实际用处太少,n多的工程制图人员,天天就知道开会,一个也不去现场看看,工程进度奇慢,图纸上的问题多多,建议以后有类似的项目最好我们提供全套的图纸,并且要收高价的规划设计费
发表于 2014-6-20 18:44:11 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国浙江宁波
犀利~学习了,但是比如美国这样的,人家搞软件多,土木最赚钱的就被拿走了
发表于 2022-6-17 09:12:52 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国福建宁德
大体上是一样的吧,都是建筑技术方面的,4 H$ {# |  U$ I
主要不同在于各国的文化、经济、风俗、政治等等
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