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1. Introduction
. r3 N( ~" K7 F: J3 ~- c% SWind Energy Resources' t9 Z/ U n6 I7 b/ E; `
1. Where does Wind Energy Come From?
. q- x5 H4 X; @8 b2. The Coriolis Force8 L+ U8 s, `9 }' ]: v
3. Global Winds# W& s$ Q4 E7 l1 I$ l) @
4. Geostrophic Wind
# M# T9 K* m, B. Q0 s5. Local Winds: Sea Breezes. A. c7 r2 s! X+ A; e" \! q
6. Local Winds: Mountain Winds
& s$ [+ s0 ~" E9 s8 C4 L6 b0 ?7. The Energy in the Wind: Air Density and Rotor Area
, g: U/ N( C( l( H8. Wind Turbines Deflect the Wind
& _% N) S" B: s& I: }9. The Power of the Wind: Cube of Wind Speed
) E" M$ \2 F3 y/ f* T10. Wind Speed Measurement: Anemometers9 s" z. F. w1 r/ x/ h9 d* X4 U; n
11. Wind Speed Measurement in Practice5 C# F9 y. n* `" M! a0 W0 t" `( u
12. The Wind Rose
# I! H' @1 a# m1 B5 Z- \4 V$ A$ M13. Wind Rose Plotter Programme (requires Netscape 4, or IE 4)
1 p) l& i% J2 m7 B* Z/ P7 j14. Roughness and Wind Shear5 J! V7 K% _9 v4 w" X; S* @; ?* Z7 h
15. Wind Speed Calculator (requires Netscape 3, 4, or IE 4) p& \4 [& h H8 k; I9 @" J
16. Wind Shear and Escarpments
& I' y; K& j: k) M% f, t! m17. The Roughness Rose
, M; [) r4 ~4 i8 O! g! _3 }7 _18. Wind Speed Variability
* B4 c! ^# [! e( S) y: C" {19. Turbulence4 V1 V8 R8 W# ~6 F$ ^: r5 Z
20. Wind Obstacles
/ Q! D9 `6 D: Z A0 Z# i1 v' y5 Y. i21. Wind Shade8 j2 Z: u" u2 O+ B7 b' `
22. Guide to the Wind Shade Calculator/ `5 e- o9 M' @" B1 A
23. Wind Shade Calculator (requires Netscape 3, 4, or IE 4)/ a' u2 x2 Y- c6 H7 I0 e# Q
24. Wake Effect0 h" A0 K' l [: N a7 x
25. Park Effect
L8 J( M1 Y1 G26. Speed Up Effects: Tunnel Effect
: b H8 ]5 J4 U27. Speed Up Effects: Hill Effect
4 N2 v' ^1 c5 G9 t) B3 F! k28. Selecting a Wind Turbine Site: ? B+ M+ _8 E$ ^2 {+ k0 C+ e
29. Offshore Wind Conditions
# N1 M, ]2 e* c1 [" v/ z30. Wind Map of Western Europe" r9 o4 x- m6 Y* M& T
31. Wind Map of Denmark
- Y5 D. w8 g" a* v4 L9 ~8 O* i2.
3 H! V' C3 _* L! [Computing Wind Turbine Energy Output+ t" ]8 ^9 H. S! V7 @
1. Describing Wind Variations: Weibull Distribution
+ ^- a6 f9 ]$ w2. Weibull Distribution Plotter Programme (requires Netscape: x0 G8 I; C8 X0 L
3.: `3 l* d" m/ @ Z
3, 4, or IE 4)
1 _9 @1 L' v% A3. The Average Bottle Fallacy
- h. k+ z0 S4 q2 X1 d" k) R4. Mean (Average) Power of the Wind2 Q& [6 b v# Y V' g& U3 Y
5. Betz' Law
+ r8 f/ P" u. n; T! s+ h( l6. Power Density Function% R( s4 v- Q; K9 G
7. Power Curve of a Wind Turbine# o+ T5 z% K% N5 L$ E$ a* T
8. The Power Coefficient/ I' Y& z& O) V
9. Guide to the Wind Turbine Power Calculator
. u' P8 {# M9 A1 fWind Turbine Power Calculator (requires Netscape 3, 4, or
- N' G+ ^, e. D, |! [7 R: A; q, PIE 4)4 V: O. T% |9 a( P
10.
" O7 k/ l( X* N: w7 Q% m5 C11. Annual Energy Output from a Wind Turbine: g& B7 f& y: e4 K0 e3 ^8 u& [% [$ O
How Does a Wind Turbine Work?+ K, N0 L4 F( A
1. Wind Turbine Components
; } Q% y. v$ ?3 ]2. Aerodynamics of Wind Turbines - Lift
& i# B" T6 I7 J# x3. Aerodynamics of Wind Turbines - Stall and Drag
! b9 O9 I: `8 i$ u! M# P9 |# Q4. Adding Wind Speeds and Directions
% r0 p! f7 }# m$ I8 N5. Rotor Aerodynamics
2 n6 K! y3 d0 I; K7 M6 r6. Rotor Blades& P( D$ t0 ^% A+ |. Y! |
7. Power Control of Wind Turbines
- e! l6 O3 ~2 U; N9 P7 n" b8. The Wind Turbine Yaw Mechanism. T0 Q( O' _$ m# x! R
9. Wind Turbine Towers
5 u# Z; Q! y3 b4 R& l10. Wind Turbine Generators4 W# T/ B8 w* C
11. Synchronous Generators
) | W' H3 Y" p0 _" r12. Changing Generator Rotational Speed" B( A2 H: j5 {, C( `( B
13. Asynchronous (Induction) Generators
. F& Z7 B5 [' A( B/ J' [; L2 q5 m) ]) V14. Changing the Number of Generator Poles5 `3 x* }" O8 _3 p7 g6 \
15. Variable Slip Generators for Wind Turbines0 \" t) f- w+ c8 C7 x0 N8 b
16. Indirect Grid Connection of Wind Turbines
]3 C& v5 e" r8 l17. Gearboxes for Wind Turbines
/ D- ^( p+ z" p$ c O0 K. @18. The Electronic Wind Turbine Controller
1 E% o/ `' ?7 ^! H% n19. Controlling Power Quality from Wind Turbines
y' Y2 p2 w) R- a8 i* Y+ H20. Size of Wind Turbines. r3 C8 b$ J. @7 c
21. Wind Turbine Safety' M$ Q& R1 ^& g5 a* y
22. Wind Turbine Occupational Safety8 ]& x3 b5 o V+ g9 e p
4.
' H- ^( O' w8 i- e( Q$ n Q: gDesigning Wind Turbines7 v& b/ N3 {# C$ ^
1. Basic Load Considerations3 u+ u2 t$ @3 D' B L" [
2. Wind Turbines: Horizontal or Vertical Axis Machines?$ J$ ~% q& d0 p2 A: K5 S4 Z
3. Wind Turbines: Upwind or Downwind?! ^* ?: F' E5 l) k; G, b0 N
4. Wind Turbines: How Many Blades?
' L8 I; B4 } ` U! k3 O- U5. Optimising Wind Turbines
- C# w. }' A" g1 Z6 w4 L6. Designing for Low Mechanical Noise from Wind Turbines
4 n& g) _2 Z( z$ T* v7. Designing for Low Aerodynamic Noise from Wind Turbines3 q8 b O! p& E0 w$ F: Q' T
5./ N( p. V) R' p( v& W& W
Manufacturing and Installing Wind Turbines/ z6 |% f$ H4 K) H; I
Manufacturing Wind Turbine Nacelles (QTVR panorama
$ m: v# J: L" }9 B- E7 b) |; xrequires QuickTime plugin)
# S* T1 c z' m* {& s5 s' S7 F- I1.
3 D& ^7 F9 C0 A; S/ z" T5 D2. Testing Wind Turbine Rotor Blades NEW
0 y1 y% b& W! h( a- a3. Manufacturing Wind Turbine Towers" y) c$ ]! c/ W
4. Welding Turbine Towers8 [% X) U" c, i4 ?6 I6 w5 `8 S
5. Installing and Assembling Wind Turbine Towers* l! Q) \" P7 K) E
6.
! m9 W: |* k8 _$ p! R5 }0 xResearch and Development in Wind Energy& Z+ R& P8 ^8 [" V
1. Research and Development in Wind Energy2 H2 D. q( j' u" Y% n! N
2. Offshore Wind Power Research6 s8 T+ R! ]' q# o) |' r. q
3. Offshore Wind Turbine Foundations
1 h5 j3 C8 U- y/ U/ K4. Offshore Foundations: Traditional Concrete
% T/ R" S4 j2 a1 A0 f- Q* w- o5 H5. Offshore Foundations: Gravitation + Steel
- W9 y1 ^; N6 t5 j: h; f6. Offshore Foundations: Mono Pile
( o: _! \1 [$ ^6 j; K7. Offshore Foundations: Tripod r) R! y! g* o! L6 X
7.
7 m: O' x- L$ _8 QWind Turbines in the Electrical Grid
, ^' h- e* h* q% `1. Wind Energy Variations) j5 s6 x: l" h, [
2. Seasonal Variation in Wind Energy$ \& ^7 L: c }& U3 x
3. Wind Turbines and Power Quality Issues+ C* Q7 e6 [; x0 N+ x
4. Grid Connection of Offshore Wind Parks
# s; ?( H+ {. o, b8.2 w6 ]7 z( Z* k9 H/ j; O+ }& q
Wind Energy and the Environment
( X" A7 {: M; D5 ? n1. Wind Turbines in the Landscape
! }/ @. U& g+ ?- l5 H- R2 o2. Sound from Wind Turbines$ u' ]& j \1 n# @8 ~
3. Measuring and Calculating Sound Levels
, i2 \ S! W# q4. Sound Map Calculator (requires Netscape 3, 4, or IE 4)9 C x7 p# J8 \0 A
Wind Turbine Sound Calculator (requires Netscape 3, 4, or
4 g: n& R5 X' G% S+ B( o3 GIE 4)( Y; q V/ K# F
5.
2 @% f7 @( g" k6. Energy Payback Period for Wind Turbines3 i, ]$ z7 C) f) G9 S! X1 P; Z
7. Birds and Wind Turbines
/ k5 c; z* N$ V5 x0 t. r8. Birds and Offshore Wind Turbines/ p) m3 M9 ^* m: x+ }. x
9. Shadow Casting from Wind Turbines
) c% G* L' i% X' c/ n10. Calculating Shadows from Wind Turbines
$ L: O2 b$ @+ I- J11. Refining Shadow Calculations for Wind Turbines
) P2 n$ m3 P, Q$ q% @12. Shadow Variations from Wind Turbines8 w8 F. ?( l% `8 o3 S
13. Guide to the Wind Turbine Shadow Calculator+ p5 j7 K S& P; F: K6 _/ i5 }
Wind Turbine Shadow Calculator (requires Netscape 3, 4, or1 }7 S( P, i/ p/ B% ^. K/ @
IE 4)8 E) l- P+ U# z- L& b% s/ G% l9 B& X
14.
( ^- r( _( r j9.. b9 `7 F L" F
Wind Energy Economics
8 }. O7 e. I2 ?7 S5 O+ c1. What does a Wind Turbine Cost?
$ W: y7 r3 P5 l0 Y2. Installation Costs for Wind Turbines
. g% @$ f4 @ j" E' W4 _3. Operation and Maintenance Costs' G) D) I1 N8 I; D% X
4. Income from Wind Turbines
j3 o: y- N- h% C8 v _9 O& n7 a5. Wind Energy and Electrical Tariffs0 Q1 V% g- ?8 J3 N
6. Basic Economics of Investment
; u$ s, @$ r4 R3 `7 _) n7. Wind Energy Economics
' P& f/ r1 O" v7 {. e( O: ]8. Guide to the Wind Energy Economics Calculator! l# B j! b/ u: z: ?
Wind Energy Economics Calculator (requires Netscape 3, 4,: |8 w& H- w( _% B8 ^
or IE 4)- [$ ^* G. x6 F) O0 X! q
9.( `( B# U6 D0 J% ^
10. The Economics of Offshore Wind Energy G8 v6 d* X9 N
11. Wind Energy and Employment1 s9 c& N5 j, I& w' g
10.
3 `: R+ l& \$ W/ eModern Wind Turbine History (Pictures)* s; k4 ]+ x- L) F- K; t& b; S0 }8 f# ]
1. The Wind Energy Pioneer: Poul la Cour
% l; f% W/ N1 \9 T4 L6 b2 ]" o2. The Wind Energy Pioneers - 1940-1950
" {9 |: n* b+ [0 t- X% L) u2 L3. The Wind Energy Pioneers - The Gedser Wind Turbine0 K2 Y2 z4 ~9 X
4. Wind Turbines From the 1980s, n: H: D6 M, g2 ^' P0 w: E V9 Y
5. The California Wind Rush
3 W1 E# j" ^! k" D* h11.
2 g. H1 U6 @ |0 ?0 ]( ]. R2 S& g2 x6. Modern Wind Turbines5 M' A. d$ H5 N8 p/ K& o) X
7. Offshore Wind Turbines+ d) ~ ]& @% [( \4 U0 C
8. Megawatt-Sized Wind Turbines
6 j. _* _' v0 X" i6 H* S# K9. Multi-Megawatt Wind Turbines0 q9 L4 M) f" H9 e) h9 N
Wind Turbine Energy.rar
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发表于 2009-2-17 13:24:09