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[讨论] 在国外搞建筑工程设计,哪些东西与国内不同?

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发表于 2008-3-14 07:56:30 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式

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有朋友想了解国外是怎么搞建筑工程设计的吗?
; A1 J6 V6 m/ V, F; j& G
! r! m# l4 T/ }. i' ?) u; O  Y3 R

" k6 d- T; _% H# l; ]! b- m5 b据本人观察,国内的设计院一般专业设置齐全,一个项目不出大门就能搞定。在国外一个专业,最多两个专业就是一个公司,一个项目要n个公司协作才能完成。边规划边协调,边协调边设计,边设计边施工,边施工边修改,边修改边调试,边调试边培训,边培训边验收。混乱但有秩序,低效但保质量。所以就造成了国外的图纸画的很好看,内容好像很多,但就我们关心焦点尺寸,少之又少。等到最后施工,这些东西都快协调800遍了,由施工人员"打哪指哪",哪里还有什么错、漏、碰、缺呀。大家可能注意到了,国外的图纸上有五花八门的声明,其目的就是尽量少负法律责任。要是真有脱不了干系的责任,就把板子打在那个在图纸上盖章的“注册工程师”身上,所以对于设计责任他最上心,不用三级校审也行。1 P2 {' L( ~/ U8 h; E6 e2 U
1 e( F& U, p2 _# z0 }) P: u
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此贴抛砖引玉,以共享外国,外企网友的经验,为我国的工程建设领域借鉴。2 x. W6 Z/ J3 m
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[ 本帖最后由 bafloow 于 2008-3-14 08:11 编辑 ]

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 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-15 09:06:21 | 显示全部楼层
贴一张图请大家看看(通风)

M-421 Part Layout.PDF

456.47 KB, 下载次数: 5

发表于 2008-3-16 10:43:42 | 显示全部楼层
国外也有总包与分包的关系吧。如果自己协调各分包商的关系是比较麻烦。

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 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-16 10:53:18 | 显示全部楼层

比图纸还重要的设计文件 - Specification

多年以前,我们设计院接了个境外项目,当时北京的寰球在国际工程领域名气较大,所以我们就到他们那里取经。因为我国的大型化工装置均为进口,寰球的前身就是化工部第一设计院,他们在对外交往中比大多数设计院先行一步。他们告诉我们,设计文件除了图纸外,还有一个重要文件就是设备规格书,我们院给了它起了另外一个名子“工程规定”。化工装置的设备规格书好理解,建筑工程的规格书当时还真不知道是什么。最终费尽九牛二虎之力,闭门造车还是给写出了一个,好在那个项目后来黄了,否则丑就出大了。
, b: i4 ]2 D2 s1 a. I2 Z' J
. [3 R  }* ]; i, @. ]5 O! z) ^' P! h工程规定是何物?原来它在国外叫Specification,是由专门的组织编写的,然后以政府级高度被采用,内容涉及对工程所有环节的详细要求,远非一个设计院的能力所能及。这个指导性文件,基本上是检验教训和打官司打出的产物,有了这个东西作为工程的指导,即使设计人员自己本身经验不丰富,工程质量也不大会有大问题,参与各方也不会有大纠纷。我国的那种行业的“施工及验收规范”还是比不上这个Specification

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 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-16 11:02:32 | 显示全部楼层
原帖由 wanyeqing2003 于 2008-3-16 10:43 发表 http://www.3dportal.cn/discuz/images/common/back.gif
, ?; q7 F6 x6 \* {2 w' I! D国外也有总包与分包的关系吧。如果自己协调各分包商的关系是比较麻烦。
5 [  U& ]3 Q( ^. r3 d2 O, z. o. V
国外的分包商多如牛毛,协调是个大问题,文件中出现最多的词就是coordination。上贴所说的Specification就有很多协调方面的要求,设计人员也有这方面的职责。
发表于 2008-3-16 19:38:22 | 显示全部楼层
国际上有专门承包合同,规定了承包方的各种职责,权利和义务。8 ?/ Q( @* g3 }8 `1 c: T4 }
我们业主和承包方往往不了解其中的内容,所以比较费劲。
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具体内容可以参考下面的网页:
- ~" }" ~" c* h% |http://www.tb-lawyer.com/Article_Special.asp?SpecialID=1
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-16 20:32:48 | 显示全部楼层
FIDIC太庞大了,美国,加拿大的MasterFormat被广泛采用于日常的建筑工程当中,各设计单位还要根据工程的具体情况作补充修改,作为设计文件与图纸一起发布。在施工之前设计人员还要根据specification的要求,审核施工承包商,或设备材料供货商所提供的解决方案是否合理,设备材料是否符合要求的等等,承包商的偷工减料在这个环节中被杜绝。
发表于 2008-3-16 21:01:11 | 显示全部楼层
有了FIDIC合同,还需要有这方面知识的人员来执行。
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6 B. l* R+ y! h2 h* T& [; p  P5 q工程中除了甲方代表外,还有监理可以协助开展工作。/ f! O9 `3 C4 l: J+ L$ F
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[ 本帖最后由 wanyeqing2003 于 2008-3-18 07:58 编辑 ]
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-18 07:40:50 | 显示全部楼层
以下是一个实际工程的spec. (建筑设备)内容目录 15000.tableofcontents.pdf (10.72 KB, 下载次数: 2)
发表于 2008-3-18 10:54:37 | 显示全部楼层
呵呵~~国际项目确实不一样!
1 U4 G+ }: h+ f经常见到的文件有以下几种:2 u, i! k! |% F# f+ p% _
specification(说明书),calculation (计算书),MATERIAL REQUISITION,datasheet,Technical Enquiry,MATERIAL TAKE-OFF......
# z( Z$ R1 P/ @3 \' Z) `那个specification最难弄,把各方面都必须写得很清楚,每句话最好都要按照标准里要求那样写!其他的文件都好说!8 {! c0 x7 d, D: Q
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下面给大家一个阴极保护方面的specification的目录看看!
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INDEX
3 M( G' I6 n" N* J1 L8 g4 f1 K1.0 SCOPE.
# \8 X' Q5 @  l7 G2 {/ _1.1 General. 5 I; r( z' ~! v: ?& x  ?7 a! Z
1.2 Definitions.
. M3 m" A5 L3 e# U* G2.0 CODES, REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS. 8 ~; R" L5 @3 _/ m5 C" B
2.1Codes, Regulations and Standards.
6 w* o1 F  T8 P3.0 CLIMATIC CONDITIONS. 2 t2 b) q6 r  V0 l1 i5 m
4.0 BASIC DATA..
% ^& j- o# C7 d' j+ `6 `0 X' D) k4.1 Design Life.
1 J4 o3 |4 Z  i9 V4.2 Cathodic Protection Potential.
- K: [* f5 d. M9 l4.3 Protection Current Density.. & j" e* ^) L) b8 _+ \2 ~* \
4.4 Energy..
- F- M* z- {4 D/ Y4.5 Test Posts. & t. q; w/ q" s" ?& R  b/ m8 b4 H
4.6 Insulating Joint..
/ \$ A) R/ f, b, @4.7 Effect of Electric Line. 0 R: B3 F  v+ _0 `
4.8 TemporaryCathodic Protection.. 0 _  o( D8 y. E# n
5.0 DESIGN CRITERIA.. % C! e% T, x8 G! @
5.1 Mode of Cathodic Protection..
4 V6 z* [. |& s5.2 Transformer Rectifier..
7 U9 A3 Y, k4 Q! |5.3 Anodes.
) h( j2 m4 K0 v9 b8 L, q( G5.4 Carbonaceous Backfill.
: X4 Y' ~; T$ B3 U6 V5.5 Anode Junction Box.. % k: K3 {5 p* {( K  o/ _
5.6 Test Post and Permanent Reference Electrodes. & b- h, E1 I9 M
5.7 Cables. , b4 b) a% J1 c# P% _6 H
5.8 Permanent Reference Cell.
: a& C: \5 P6 _# G5.9 Groundbed.. + W7 T  r$ S+ S' o9 W
5.10 Pipeline GroundingSystem...
. r5 {1 A+ b( H6 |* p2 Z5.11 Casing Pipe Cathodic Protection System...
6 ]. J# k' s7 T- c. v+ p6.0 TEST OF CORROSION PROTECTION SYSTEM...
& O+ r! V( x8 @$ v& a1 u) E2 f, Q7.0 INSTALLATION.. ; e6 l% w0 H9 W  y: I
8.0 COMMISSIONING TESTS.
5 Z; K( H6 j& E/ V" j6 T% M( Z9.0 OPERATION & MAINTENANCE. 6 O6 t* C0 L$ H7 i
10.0 SPARE PARTS.   M3 ^/ i) @$ l
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[ 本帖最后由 zxs1221 于 2008-3-18 10:59 编辑 ]
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-19 07:29:15 | 显示全部楼层

Specification -- 内墙的施工,供货,和提交的文件要求-1

[WASTEWATER MASTER SPECIFICATION] FINISH HARDWARD. K9 K  g. D& t6 V2 B
[PROJECT TITLE] 08710-1
" t  l! a$ T! U! \. wSECTION 08710
2 p, u8 Q9 B* _6 O8 }FINISH HARDWARE
2 ^3 ?# v+ q. M8 s. w; \2 g4 _9 ~$#
& H8 I+ c! H6 @NTS: This specification section requires careful review by the specifier. The specifier1 f' m( h$ i- q5 p
is required to modify the section according to the requirements of the project.
" e4 W7 V- S; hBrackets indicate items to be checked, completed, edited, selected, or filled in.* ?4 H* X# Y4 \. H
NTS notations and brackets should be removed in the final printing.
: j( b+ l* c( b$ V1 p) C( s4 L#$$ m3 D/ I# z: @1 i
PART 1 -- GENERAL+ B3 H& ], x% c1 a2 g" W
4 P8 z# A( ~- Q3 C8 b8 S
1.1 THE REQUIREMENT
/ I; {6 P5 D& Q7 aA. The Contractor shall furnish all tools, equipment, materials, supplies and manufactured items,
' V1 t$ v3 _0 s4 R9 F/ f0 c$ E7 C$ cand shall perform all labor required to furnish and install, complete, finish hardware as indicated* |2 R7 F7 l1 L
on the Drawings and specified herein.
; \2 e. ^1 i. n4 Z
* j3 {0 t: G$ W1 m) Y  r1.2 RELATED WORK SPECIFIED ELSEWHERE
/ j! C8 r/ a1 j1 J( Z; qA. Section [02830] Chain Link Fences and Gates.
- D. v( q9 Z. bB. Section [05500] Miscellaneous Metalwork.
" ^' K$ a+ m( b1 i: W, B! fC. Section [06100] Rough Carpentry." p2 [! K1 a+ P, }& g2 p$ `
D. Section [06200] Finish Carpentry and Millwork.1 \( h3 @+ |; k$ c5 Q
E. Section [08360] Overhead Doors.! r( c* c+ q5 I, p
F. Section [08410] Aluminum Entrance and Storefronts.8 V- m9 V" x* L6 T) U& D% w
G. Section [10160] Metal Toilet Partitions.0 \$ I# B, T- R' p: t. B" ]
H. Section [10500] Metal Lockers., L7 ~1 M, n% z# ]
3 m  j: c$ _& P/ C) j
1.3 REFERENCE SPECIFICATIONS, CODES AND STANDARDS
  \( {+ Q3 i; xA. Comply with the reference specifications of the GENERAL REQUIREMENTS.
' V  k  o- Y/ R9 L$ p  r  g' ^B. Comply with the current provisions of the following Codes and Standards.' D) F# k. F! F- d8 l
1. Commercial Standards:- D/ L6 w/ K% A. r$ y- n* C3 G: N
Underwriter's Laboratories, Inc. requirements and approvals.5 D# F% Z. X5 w8 m
Hardware Institute (DHI) Recommended Procedure for Processing Hardware
  P6 t: J0 R" M( @! |; e6 [! oSchedules and Templates and Architectural Hardware
1 \: @0 M$ t+ r4 A7 @# BScheduling and Format.% y; j7 e9 w( Z0 h7 f% b
BHMA Builders' Hardware Manufacturers' Association
2 |) \9 G8 Y: ]- M# c- G2. Manufacturers' Standards: In addition to the standards listed above, the finish hardware7 N- x+ G/ s6 P3 |
and its installation shall be in accordance with the manufacturers' published9 W" R8 L, f( i# j5 _) ?
recommendations and specifications.
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/ _% ^6 B/ u6 ^; v! `/ S, b1.4 CONTRACTOR SUBMITTALS
9 o2 b1 p$ B( J* E( jA. Submittals shall be made in accordance with the GENERAL REQUIREMENTS.
- h& o3 n3 o- _6 N% P7 T8 jB. The following submittals and specific information shall be provided.8 `$ e$ `1 `, E( c8 G+ I; U' S
1. Samples: The samples of all items requested by the ENGINEER shall be furnished by the/ k! \7 ?1 A# [0 t
hardware supplier no later than [10] days after said request is received.
( b: J2 }1 g7 ?; o! e2. Manufacturer's information: The CONTRACTOR shall submit a complete detailed
9 W2 u+ W$ m4 chardware list and a schdule along with manufacturer's literature on each item for approval.( }0 d5 L* ?& R) G4 ^
No hardware shall be delivered until the hardware schedule has been approved by the" \: ?# B$ ]3 \1 W
ENGINEER.6 O, ^  y6 l; b4 K
3. The hardware schedule submitted by the CONTRACTOR shall list the actual product series
( o" f6 n0 V2 ~( Fnumbers. Manufacturer's catalog requirements for actual size of door closers, brackets,
# B9 V0 T' I. X8 K+ Mand holders shall be observed. All door sizes shall be noted on the hardware schedule and2 {! S: i- b# q0 ~! i/ [
all hardware shall be in strict accordance with height, width, and thickness requirements.
) ~% U: v1 X( Q1 j4. The schedule shall indicate groups, type, manufacturer's name, catalog number, location,. r( @; D2 [: a
and finish of each item to be provided, all in accordance with the DHI "Architectural  X7 T; {' j8 P4 {
Hardware Scheduling Sequence and Format".7 n4 b0 f, S2 T) r
5. The schedule shall also include a complete template list showing template references and* s0 U+ b8 V% d" D: f* E% Q
data for each item requiring preparation of metal doors and frames.' R7 e# R( |/ b9 P: ~  T% e7 R
6. Hardware for aluminum doors may be included in a separate section of the schedule." B/ d4 a, m" N, W
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1.5 QUALITY ASSURANCE$ u) P9 s6 h% M2 a+ A3 ^  I& ]' V
A. Manufacturer's product names, numbers, and models are given herein for the purpose of
2 Q+ ~- o& L- w. @* h8 Windicating the requirements for the type, general construction, material and operation of the
) r# c0 r7 i7 w5 b# F  Mspecific item, not with the intention of limiting the item to the manufacturer's listed product.2 ~, j) l( w) x0 A) p: A
Substitution of another manufacturer's product that is fully equivalent in all respects may be
' w1 L" \* Z( o/ }9 {/ Lmade subject to the approval of the ENGINEER. It shall be the CONTRACTOR's responsibility
6 p; V( t# t8 ]0 P2 J0 u' N9 c! Tto supply detailed and complete data to the ENGINEER as required to facilitate appropriate
7 H, @( U+ R/ z- L# b5 {, s' a' yevaluation of all proposed substitute items.( \0 {" Z6 y3 m/ P: b/ ~4 V0 n
1.6 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING
- ?1 u; F& {1 m; U& ~  GA. Except where otherwise specified all hardware shall be delivered to the jobsite.! G6 u# O5 E+ k( O4 }: y
B. Each unit of hardware specified herein shall be individually packaged complete with fastenings
! ]" L% \- C7 L7 Z" iand all appurtenances. Each package shall be clearly marked on the outside to indicate its
  Q" r  @+ T; t3 g) V5 M+ Z& F/ Hcontents and its specific location in the work, and shall be identified by its related number from
+ C" s+ e) L% L, }: {2 jthe reviewed hardware list.) F3 u9 ^9 N/ b0 B% w5 w( a! W% u
C. Contractor shall store hardware in a safe place at the jobsite where directed by the ENGINEER$ A" T( L, w% W5 g" T  ?) Y
to prevent loss or damage until installation.
5 n' m1 s4 z9 S7 L# r
. A9 @9 F( K  h  H" H! P3 N9 P) v[ 本帖最后由 bafloow 于 2008-3-19 07:30 编辑 ]
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-19 07:34:28 | 显示全部楼层
PART 2 -- PRODUCTS
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: |1 ^. O# x4 s# v. p1 g$ g2.1 GENERAL
" J! Z. c2 ~; G( `3 V; A2 z  ]/ xA. Manufacturer's product names, numbers and models given herein are for the purpose of6 s4 k7 `1 O0 T# g
indicating the basic requirements for type, construction, material, operation, durability and& _! ?6 q! R- B0 {
functional adequacy of the specific item. Substitution of another manufacturer's product that is
/ o4 C# ~/ m7 r- v6 \/ {5 Ufully equivalent in all respects will be made subject to the approval of the ENGINEER.
- y0 I" I6 G/ D: c8 M, y, |) uB. Provide end products of one manufacturer for each item in order to achieve standardization for# G2 b( e  r8 W6 H2 }3 F& w' c
appearance, maintenance, and replacement.3 e) {- q, ]+ m+ s3 W# E/ ^6 _
C. When deemed necessary for product evaluation prior to review, the ENGINEER may require
! s3 K, H. Y+ a1 W5 s2 l$ vsubmittal of full size standard production units for inspection and check. Such samples will be& D% s# ~9 `$ [  B2 T& Z& q& e
returned to the Contractor and may be installed on the project if identified for location in
% U; C; L% Q5 E" ~) _3 gconformance with specified requirements.' g$ f7 |3 i( J% p
D. Contractor shall check kinds and quantities of hardware products to determine conditions,( o) c9 `" e  F* v
completeness, and conformance to the Specifications.
/ S  x) l; H  O
, a8 }, X7 k  `2.2 PRODUCT TYPES( J; g) L+ ~; `& H
A. Locks and Latches: All locks shall be security type with 6-pin cylinders having stainless steel4 }) d7 a: g3 w, @' e+ H$ a, ~: ?
mechanism for all exterior hollow metal doors.2 Q& e$ j( o0 e! j2 d9 Z8 w/ B8 J
B. Lock Uniformity: Except as otherwise specified, Contractor shall furnish locksets, cylinders, and" G5 N5 Z# Q: I
component parts as hereinbefore specified, by one manufacturer.
9 S$ j& ?- z$ u% I' y+ o1 Z% kC. Lock Strikes: Shall be boxed type with curved tip of sufficient length to protect trim and/or jamb.3 J7 A1 m& u2 u. f) v  ]2 s& I# N
Lock strikes shall be delivered to the jobsite with the locksets.1 o: `' [; a- p$ `
D. Fasteners: Bolts, screws, fittings, and other fasteners, including soffit plates for door closers,# r' Y- v$ t) V" g4 T
shall be provided for proper and secure attachment with specified hardware.
; s+ g" W5 P8 D  W! i; iE. Door Closers shall be full rack and pinion type with adjustable means of regulating closing speed,
8 `4 o) l0 Y2 _2 L2 _- {latching speed, back check, and with reduced spring power and shall be regular parallel arm type
# ^+ e+ X3 i4 O7 Ewith 90 degrees to 180 degrees hold open provisions.
4 J% O- A0 `3 F2 n0 J' y2 {: D, W& LF. Door Swings: Door swings indicated on the Contract drawings are standard door swings. If a5 h3 z+ h! \& M7 G0 J
door hand is changed during Construction the Contractor shall make necessary changes in2 G5 C; P* V8 L" v2 t  E7 X
hardware at no additional expense to the CITY, subject to the approval of the ENGINEER.
! A$ `+ n$ e: _, iG. Silencers shall be provided for all metal door frames; three for single doors, two for pairs of& w9 a0 A% c! q) G4 w% M/ p, Y
doors.
: [, P; v/ W; [H. Door Butts shall be of proper width to clear trim and other features when door swings to$ J( W4 i9 f0 a% u
180 degrees and shall have oil-impregnated ball bearings.& B- _# i' ^% H8 ?/ z" b( j
1. Door 1-3/4-inch thick up to 7-feet 0-inch to have 1-1/2 pair of 4-1/2-inch X 4-1/2-inch butts.! v* R; d+ b! Y2 j+ m! G; D9 b
2. Exterior doors to have butts with oil-impregnated bearings.* B7 P1 ^% k# E& b! c$ v8 L  v
3. Provide template hinges for use on metal door frames.
& o) S8 j* ~* |9 XI. Temporary Lock Cylinder: Contractor shall provide temporary lock cylinders with temporary
; y5 f% g5 [& U9 g& Hconstruction keys for door locks during the construction period.1 e. J& s% Q2 j
J. Kickplates: 16-gauge stainless steel with edges beveled four (4)sides. Kickplates to be 10-
& m/ u, C6 X# |8 ginches high x door width less 1-inch.
8 `6 h% T7 L8 T, F) V+ jK. Lock Astragal: Provide astragal for exterior in swinging 1-3/4-inch metal doors, of 9-3/8-inch x 1-
0 X* i# {% o6 L, C+ v( n1/2-inch size with US 10 finish designed to prevent tampering of lock bolts from the exterior./ a0 P0 A% @# E4 Y1 X
L. Flush Extension Bolt: Two point concealed automatic type for exit operation only with control
1 E+ p# a1 C1 ^, j7 Y# _knob located on the inside, provided with top and bottom strikes, Underwriters Laboratories (UL)' f* |' }/ Z8 E8 y1 g. [
Listed, bronze components with 626 finish and designed for use on 1-3/4-inch thick hollow metal. A+ d! X8 L* A( T# R
doors.! O! k! r( P9 e  E+ t
+ {6 @! |/ P8 w$ T9 C
2.3 FINISHES
$ d8 _: e% R9 H+ {A. All finishes hereinafter specified are "BHMA" numbers as specified by the "Building Hardware8 V3 c) _7 H) P3 R4 w
Manufacturer's Association".
, [  c, x9 E, D) G$ p1. 600 - Prime Coat
  q7 k# M/ P; C9 [5 g( G: r2. 626 - Dull Chromium
9 m6 H3 ^" |; W* y) G+ H& N5 ]8 _3. 629 - Bright Stainless Steel: y2 ]/ |# X: W8 M: I5 l! V' y
4. 630 - Satin Stainless Steel
* f. x5 E+ a$ t+ _! _+ }B. All items not specified herein shall have BHMA 630 finish.
' S+ M6 g% V- D7 AC. Locksets and Deadlocks shall have BHMA 630 finish.2 _- c1 K9 `3 K
D. All hinges to have BHMA 630 finish0 s1 z2 q4 c6 K* w, s. E
E. Kickplates, Push and Pulls to have BHMA 630 finish.
) b# J2 W6 T' y; ^9 l3 CF. Closer cover plates to have dull bronze lacquer finish.8 E  s  c* R; V3 z3 F5 b
G. Miscellaneous Finishes shall be as specified.
0 p2 J( v  ~8 q8 H. F! X4 I' B: _! d) c$ @" Y! |
2.4 KEYING6 L8 g5 G2 b6 j
A. To ensure full coordination with CITY's keying needs and requirements, all keying will be, i. E* P6 j9 G: e, \& n
determined after a conference with the ENGINEER, and such keying shall be designated in the9 K7 d- D6 L' D5 Q& W! f
CONTRACTOR's hardware schedule by appropriate set of numbers opposite the respective: L+ |( a2 v0 }& [0 ?( B- c
doors. Keys shall be positively identified for their respective locks and shall be delivered into the( B+ V% |7 e' z' Y% `) X
hands of the ENGINEER upon completion of the work., \3 s! o% i$ p8 ~
1. All locks and cylinders shall be labeled consecutively with the door number to correspond
/ h4 W7 [* F3 A% c6 G* l# zwith change keys. All shipping tags shall be of approximate 2-inch X 3-inch size.
# X& A0 L  e* r  ]2 [2 t* g% ]B. Keys:
9 J8 t+ E/ N- |! n7 p/ L! _1. All keys shall be nickel-silver large bow, plain both sides, (6 pin) stamped on one side
+ K: x; k7 O4 O' y7 h"CITY OF LOS ANGELES -DO NOT DUPLICATE".
  q& X" G7 {! U# X: v" z" C2. CONTRACTOR shall furnish two (2) keys for keyed alike locks; two (2) keys for each keyed. W3 A$ O  p- A
different locks, and six (6) grandmaster keys.% B- l) R9 l, P# {; t  C5 u# @
3. Lock manufacturer shall ship all keys including grandmaster, master, and change keys, via9 B2 y9 W8 K( v6 [2 p; d, H" t% l
Registered Mail directly to the ENGINEER. The keys shall be individually tagged and
" h% g. k$ C7 W2 z6 o" ridentified by door locations.
2 n1 @4 ?3 _1 d( s6 `6 l* @4. At the time of change-over from construction lock cylinders to permanent lock cylinders,0 Z* O& l' e6 ]" y
the INSPECTOR will check the permanent key operation with the in-place permanent lock
. E- ^0 @4 @6 Icylinders to assure proper operation of locks and keys.- a4 F& U) i+ {* d$ U; V

8 B0 f4 X9 i2 p* g6 b% t2.5 HARDWARE SCHEDULE; y0 f. A& L/ t, r* S  y! y
A. The following hardware schedule is intended to represent the hardware required. Provide the
3 _9 `6 R1 p6 Z% \& E' A7 P( Ffollowing hardware or their equal:
- }4 J' m# N) ]6 J5 K7 l" ~- s$#
! T6 V9 D: ?( P5 j* fNTS: List quantity, description, manufacturer's detail and finish for hardware3 X. M0 B9 a5 Y* h; W6 a! d
applicable to this project.
. e* }) A  I% x6 L/ K#$
6 B9 K) I1 I) C) @8 S
1 a4 N: h% @. W" z; ~: {2.6 TEMPLATES7 [7 X+ d/ M7 l. @
A. All hardware for metal doors and metal frames shall be fabricated to template. Templates, or" U3 L9 T) w! {  p6 q7 t# S8 N
physical hardware items, shall be furnished sufficiently in advance to avoid any work delay.1 a1 Q' q- a$ _! l( J" G( ?
0 ]3 e+ `; K3 O4 \
PART 3 -- EXECUTION
1 @8 t- X+ G# O& p  J) w
' H( W+ u2 @' m+ R" R7 o3.1 GENERAL
' L8 y) R# J" E5 G' D" d  wA. During the construction period, the CONTRACTOR shall employ temporary construction lock# p/ a; p8 w  L
cylinders with temporary construction keys on door locks in the project.
. [; m) v! P. \" zB. Prior to completion of construction, and after final installation of hardware, the CONTRACTOR4 L# V: p8 W) b' r9 I
shall demonstrate to the ENGINEER that all items of operable hardware function properly, that4 ~$ A6 Q( @% v9 p4 c
doors swing smoothly, and that keys lock and unlock their respective doors.
4 }: i9 o8 ]9 X) \) H* G. v1 CC. At the time of completion of the facility, on direction of the ENGINEER, the CONTRACTOR shall1 q1 e# {. J* M3 s0 M0 N
replace the construction lock cylinders with the permanent lock cylinders.3 ?# ]. g4 D. i& w0 T
D. The CONTRACTOR, upon completion of the work herein, shall remove all oil, grease, or other% n4 P) Q% I5 f% F; {
soiling from exposed surfaces of finish hardware and shall remove all cartons, wrappings, and  D: z- o( R5 N$ o$ H6 {# o) u+ Z
other debris resulting from the work herein, and shall leave the facility in a neat, clean, and
( ^9 j: F6 e" zacceptable condition subject to approval by the ENGINEER.
2 D/ N# o! _$ w. S: k9 u: G5 k8 |- f! \3 q8 {4 t& r3 [. _: q
3.2 INSTALLATION7 _6 Q2 G- B! `$ a7 `
A. All hardware shall be installed accurately and in accordance with manufacturer's instructions.
5 Q, d4 h2 d7 N1 W: mB. Hardware shall be securely tightened to develop full strength of components and provide for
' ?' C) e& U7 l' g0 Gproper operation.
8 c$ r. M) Y. d! I- f( ~C. Make work neat and secure.& A9 R/ T" Q. V% ?* }: A
D. Prevent marring, scratching, or otherwise damaging adjacent finishes during hardware
% N- P7 _/ D3 P% vinstallation.: o* y  ?8 A* j; H  M
E. Latchbolts:6 c+ T$ ~+ }9 j& U, J; m
1. Install to engage in strikes automatically, whether activated by closers or manually.4 n+ ~+ J5 B  D4 n
2. Additional manual pressure shall not be required to engage latchbolt in strike.' f/ |; r/ r; y, ]
F. Stops and Holders: Set to allow doors to open as far as possible.6 ^4 P. s. J9 T6 j' N3 Q- r
G. Wall Mounted Hardware: Install over solid structural backing or solid blocking in hollow walls.
/ |# z& ?* t; V( s! q, ]H. Thresholds:$ g* ?# y) M! o" k, H
1. Cope ends neatly to profile of jamb.
6 O. Z2 O6 b2 B+ J; D4 d2. Set in sealant and seal ends to jambs.7 M' w# e) x$ L! W0 o& j/ h+ |& I3 Q
I. Hardware: Adjust for easy, noise-free operation.
: X4 y  k( O! T; g9 l" e. gJ. Replace damaged hardware items.8 i/ `; E: n$ g
0 Y) {9 }. z% ^0 k: H
3.3 PROTECTION6 z: N$ U5 ]4 c0 K0 X6 P
A. Cover and protect exposed surfaces of hardware during installation and until substantial2 v0 F# O: _. @" y+ k
completion.
; S8 t+ H0 u% n1 S7 ?9 \  TB. Fit, dismantle, and reinstall finish hardware as required for finish painting work.
% p1 B" L" @+ g  x9 z( p/ C2 l9 c  lC. Protect and prevent staining of hardware during construction in accordance with manufacturer's0 Q- f7 @- E5 k3 ~
recommendations.  e6 a! F- l! R, w
D. Remove protective measures on permanent lock cylinders installed prior to final cleaning.
2 `: M1 J6 L" d9 {' |* * * * * *
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-19 07:47:09 | 显示全部楼层
其实这都是常识,没有什么难的,确实可以减少好多漏洞,减少业主的风险,但是现行的体制下,工程师这么做了不但不能多挣钱,还赔进去好多时间,所以政府的监管职能应该强制执行,并且提高设计取费。做事情不能只讲少花钱。
发表于 2008-4-3 10:59:05 | 显示全部楼层
国外设计充分尊重业主的要求。设计人员一般一直呆在工地现场进行协调服务和设计调整,所以前期的工作是框架性的,后期的工作比较多
发表于 2009-5-9 13:19:01 | 显示全部楼层
又长见识了
发表于 2009-5-9 17:43:48 | 显示全部楼层
看来这国外还挺复杂了。
发表于 2009-5-16 20:13:58 | 显示全部楼层
我在越南搞了一个大型生产线方面的项目,属于交钥匙项目,狗日的越南人搞的图纸花里胡哨的,实际用处太少,n多的工程制图人员,天天就知道开会,一个也不去现场看看,工程进度奇慢,图纸上的问题多多,建议以后有类似的项目最好我们提供全套的图纸,并且要收高价的规划设计费
发表于 2014-6-20 18:44:11 | 显示全部楼层
犀利~学习了,但是比如美国这样的,人家搞软件多,土木最赚钱的就被拿走了
发表于 2022-6-17 09:12:52 | 显示全部楼层
大体上是一样的吧,都是建筑技术方面的,4 N" q  U* j8 H( C
主要不同在于各国的文化、经济、风俗、政治等等
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