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发表于 2011-9-3 17:44:23
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QQ-P-35C Passivation Treatments for Corrosion-Resistant Steels& {) d8 y# `2 [
$ H, {& q9 D7 l( WQQ-P-35-C抗蚀钢(不锈钢)钝化处理+ g3 i- o2 d6 ~2 i+ ^! U
4 R4 ^7 L' r1 F X( X3. Terminology
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: l* i# ?- f( S" @9 @$ {8 {3. 术语/ ^8 p3 x- n& g% B i
& L+ \) O% L: }5 t( e# P3.1 Definition of Term Specific to This Standard—It is necessary to define which of the several commonly used definitions of the term passivation will be used in this specification. (See Discussion.)' V0 [7 H4 E! O* _: {7 F/ g$ Y, `
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3.1 本标准的术语定义——在本技术规范将经常使用到的几个术语“钝化”的定义有必要作出规定。(见论述)' a% w1 M2 q) j u
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3.1.1 Discussion—Stainless steels are autopassivating in the sense that the protective passive film is formed spontaneously on exposure to air or moisture. The presence of exogenous surface contamination, including dirt, grease, free iron from contact with steel tooling, and so forth, may interfere with the formation of the passive film. The cleaning of these contaminants from the stainless steel surface will facilitate the spontaneous passivation by allowing the oxygen uniform access to the surface. The passive film may be augmented by chemical treatments that provide an oxidizing environment for the stainless steel surface.
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0 G9 L( e: R7 T9 q* y3.1.1 论述——在某种意义上说,在暴露到空气和湿气的情况下,保护性的钝化膜自动生成是不锈钢在自动钝化。外生的表面污染,包括:尘土、油脂、来自钢铁加工的游离铁等等,可以影响到钝化膜的生成。通过允许氧气均衡地接触到不锈钢表面,不锈钢表面污染的清洗将会有助于自动钝化。通过为不锈钢表面提供一个氧化环境的化学处理,钝化膜可以得到增强。4 h5 s; K+ \$ S) S* P
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3.1.1.1 In this specification, passivation, unless otherwise specified, is defined as the chemical treatment of a stainless steel with a mild oxidant, such as a nitric acid solution, for the purpose of the removal of free iron or other foreign matter, but which is generally not effective in removal of heat tint or oxide scale on stainless steel. In the case of stainless steels with additions of sulfur for the purpose of improved machinability, passivation may also include the removal of sulfides from the surface of the metal for the purpose of maximizing corrosion resistance.& a) n; z, `7 u8 f% {1 b; |
; |; g9 o; @* Y: G3.1.1.1 在本技术规范中,除非另有规定,“钝化”被定义为:为了消除游离铁和其它杂质,用温和的氧化剂对不锈钢进行化学处理,例如硝酸溶液,但是“钝化”对于消除不锈钢回火颜色和氧化膜(皮)通常是无效的。为了增强良好的切削加工性的情况下,对于带有硫磺的不锈钢,为了令抗腐性最优化,钝化也可包括金属表面硫化物的去除作业。
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3.1.1.2 The formation of the protective passive film on a stainless steel, also called passivation in a more general context, will occur spontaneously in air or other oxygencontaining environment when the stainless steel surface is free of oxide scale and exogenous matter.
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3.1.1.2不锈钢保护性钝化膜的生成,在更通常的情况下叫作“钝化”,当不锈钢表面无氧化膜和外生物质(杂质)时,它在空气中或者其它含氧环境下会自然发生。
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3.1.1.3 Chemical treatments, such as sodium dichromate solutions, may facilitate the more rapid formation of the passive film on a stainless steel surface already free of scale or foreign matter. Such treatments, also sometimes called passivation in common usage, are designated as post-cleaning treatments in this specification in order to distinguish them from chemical treatments capable of removing free iron from stainless steels.
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6 n+ k) z3 ?* p9 h- c3.1.1.3 化学处理,例如重铬酸钠溶液,可以促进无氧化膜和杂质不锈钢表面的钝化膜更快速度的生成。在通常使用时,这样一种处理,有时称为“钝化”,为了区分这种处理和能清除不锈钢游离铁的化学处理,在本技术规范中被称作“后清洗处理”。
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- x* V. g) w! }- P3.1.1.4 The chemical treatments capable of removing heat tint or oxide scale from stainless steel and capable of dissolving the stainless steel itself, typically called pickling, are substantially more aggressive than treatments used for passivation, as defined in 3.1.1.1. The surface of stainless steel that has been pickled is free of scale, free iron, and exogenous foreign matter, and does not require a separate treatment for passivation as defined in 3.1.1.1. The passivation process defined in 3.1.1.2 will occur without further chemical treatment but may be augmented and improved by the post-cleaning treatments defined in 3.1.1.3.
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! G1 W. e+ U" i+ }+ ?4 R3.1.1.4 能清除不锈钢回火颜色和氧化膜并能溶解不锈钢自身的化学处理,通常地叫作“浸酸”,实质上它比用作钝化的处理更具侵蚀性(正如3.1.1.1说明一样)。已浸酸的不锈钢表面无氧化膜、游离铁和外生杂质,不需要另外的钝化处理(正如3.1.1.1说明一样)。在没有进一步的化学处理情况下,钝化过程(在3.1.1.1说明)将会出现,但钝化作用将会被“后清洗处理”(在3.1.1.3说明)提高增强。
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3.1.1.5 Electrochemical treatments, including electropickling and electropolishing capable of removing heat tint or oxide scale from stainless steel and capable of dissolving the stainless steel itself, are substantially more aggressive than treatments used for passivation, as defined in 3.1.1.1. The surface of stainless steel resulting from these treatments is free of scale, free iron, and exogenous foreign matter, and does not require a separate treatment for passivation as defined in 3.1.1.1. The passivation process defined in 3.1.1.2 will occur without further chemical treatment, but may be augmented and improved by the post-cleaning treatments defined in 3.1.1.3. Statements regarding chemical treatments, unless otherwise specified, are taken to include electrochemical treatments.
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) b% N4 S: _3 B4 j" T& |3.1.1.5 电化学处理,包括能去除不锈钢回火颜色和氧化膜并能溶解不锈钢自身的电凿和电磨,实质上比钝化处理(在3.1.1.1说明)更具侵蚀性的。由这些处理产生的不锈钢表面没有氧化膜、游离铁和外生杂质,也不需另外钝化处理(正如3.1.1.1说明)。钝化过程(在3.1.1.2说明)在没有进一步的化学处理情况下也会发生,但钝化作用将会被“后清洗处理”(在3.1.1.3说明)提高增强。除了另有规定,有关化学处理的陈述包括电化学处理。
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; W( _, q7 _, b! r _0 b' @4. Ordering Information
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订购须知(订货办法)2 U! B2 \8 S( x s' u4 \ v
, G A( D! s: y, h- p' V4.1 It is the responsibility of the purchaser to specify a test practice appropriate to any particular material and application. This specification was written for the purpose of providing an alternative to United States Federal Specification QQ-P-35C. Determination of the suitability of this specification for that purpose is the responsibility of the purchaser." Y3 I( |0 B* A/ _! X' u0 T7 G
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4.1适于特殊材料和应用的检测作业的指定责任在于买方。本技术规范是为了给《美国联邦技术规范》QQ-P-35C提供一种可供选择的技术规范而制定。本技术规范适宜性的确定责任在于买方。
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; G' `/ m; {7 Q: `8 d* V8 s4.2 Unless specified by the purchaser, the chemical treatment applied to the stainless steel parts shall be selected by the seller from among the listed passivation treatments.
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8 o H2 G6 ?3 c4 j% \4.2 除非买方指定,应用到不锈钢部件的化学处理应由卖方从列出的钝化处理中选定。 |
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